How many divisions has the Pope got?

This present Pope, Francis, is probably the most powerful man in the world, in the round.

Stalin once asked when confronted with the argument about the Pope’s reach and influence, replied, “How many divisions has the Pope got?” He missed the point. The Pope does not work these days in the world of hard power. He is a peddler of soft power.

Francis has much more power, maybe because of the strength of his convictions, than any of his predecessors, with the exception of the Polish Pope, John Paul II, who played a front-line role in triggering the events that brought down communism.

John Paul 11 set his sights high. How could this youngish pope have such an impact? It was drive, personality and an intuitive knowledge about how power worked. He was also enormously charismatic and could summon up a crowd of half a million people with the click of his fingers, or so it sometimes seemed.

Francis uses his power and crowd-pulling charisma for a different cause, to help the poor, the dispossessed and the suffering. Traditionally, Popes have stressed the value of the church’s edicts on divorce, birth control and the confession of sins. At one time, not very long ago, it concentrated on propagating belief in far-out concepts like infallibility, angels, limbo and purgatory. Maybe Francis believes some of this but it is not what he likes to talk about, as his predecessors did.

When he was the new archbishop of Buenos Aires, he still rejected liberation theology with its strong socialist content that embraces the so-called “preferential option for the poor”. He came to change his mind. The poor and this philosophy are now the centrepieces of his work.

But did that make him a through and through good man? I do not think so.

I came to this conclusion after a long and thorough study of his earlier life as the superior of the Argentinean Jesuits, a bishop and finally a cardinal. In that period he shunned for most of the time being outspoken about the appalling abuses of the military government, despite many Catholics being tortured or having their small children confiscated. What he did do was to help on the quiet — sheltering people on the run and intervening with the authorities about particular prisoners. In this sense he was the opposite of his counterpart in Brazil, which was also under the thumb of a military regime. Cardinal Paulo Arns took the government head on publically, and as a result was very much a major contributing influence in ending the regime and turning Brazil towards democracy. My long article on Francis was published two years ago by the World Policy Journal. The editor of this influential foreign policy magazine aptly headlined my article, “When the Pope turned his back”.

The full story has not been told elsewhere. In a new book, “Absolute Power”, published this month, the space given to it is fairly brief. The author, Paul Collins, does the same as the three major authors who published before him, playing down this aspect of Francis’s life.

In other ways, it is an outstanding book, going right back to the popes of the Enlightenment and giving living portraits of the popes of the last century. To understand how the church has changed and evolved over the last 300 years and produced a Pope like Francis this book is extremely useful.

There are some important things the present Pope misses out on in his many contributions to foreign affairs, and the book gives the reader the depth that one needs to have in order to understand this. For example, take the life of Benedict XV who was pope during the World War l.

Benedict was a near pacifist, which surely Jesus Christ was. Benedict was probably the only pope who never mentioned the value of the just-war theory of Saints Augustine and Thomas, which Catholic politicians like to quote when they are involved in deploying almighty force. “Benedict opposed war in any form and rejected the theory of just war as historically outmoded.

If only modern day popes could see war like this, given their immense charisma, they might well have had a real influence on stalling the wars in Vietnam, Central America, Afghanistan and Iraq. Today, Francis often speaks about contemporary foreign affairs. But as he shouts from the rooftops about aiding the poor, so must he more loudly lead Catholics against war. He did take on President Donald Trump during the election for unchristian behaviour, but, obviously, his attacks were not often enough or deep enough to persuade many Catholics not to vote for him.

If he could be more outspoken, not less, then, despite the inadequacies in part of his earlier life, he could become to be seen, perhaps, as one of the greatest of all popes.