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NASA opens sample taken from Moon 50 years on

By - Jun 15,2022 - Last updated at Jun 15,2022

WASHINGTON  — The Apollo missions to the Moon brought a total of 2,196 rock samples to Earth. But NASA has only just started opening one of the last ones, collected 50 years ago.

For all that time, some tubes were kept sealed so that they could be studied years later, with the help of the latest technical breakthroughs. 

NASA knew “science and technology would evolve and allow scientists to study the material in new ways to address new questions in the future”, Lori Glaze, director of the Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters, said in a statement.

Dubbed 73001, the sample in question was collected by astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt in December 1972, during the Apollo 17 mission — the last of the programme. 

The tube, 35cm long and 4cm wide, had been hammered into the ground of the Moon’s Taurus-Littrow valley to collect the rocks. 

Of the only two samples to have been vacuum sealed on the Moon, this is the first to be opened. 

It could as such contain gases or volatile substances (water, carbon dioxide, etc.)

And the aim is to extract these gases, which are probably only present in very small quantities, to be able to analyse them using spectrometry techniques that have become extremely precise in recent years. 

In early February, the outer protective tube was first removed. 

It was not itself revealed to contain any lunar gas, indicating that the sample it contained remained sealed. 

Then on February 23, scientists began a weeks-long process aimed at piercing the main tube and harvesting the gas contained inside.

In the spring, the rock was extracted and broken up so that it can be studied by different scientific teams. 

The extraction site of this sample is particularly interesting because it is the site of a landslide. 

“Now we don’t have rain on the Moon,” said Juliane Gross, deputy Apollo curator. “And so we don’t quite understand how landslides happen on the Moon.”

Gross said researchers hope to study the sample to understand what causes landslides.

After 73001, there will be only three lunar samples still sealed. When will they in turn be opened? 

“I doubt we’ll wait another 50 years,” said senior curator Ryan Zeigler.

American burlesque meets Mexican wrestling in Lucha VaVoom

Jun 15,2022 - Last updated at Jun 15,2022

A wrestling match during a Lucha Vavoom show at the Mayan Theatre in Los Angeles, California, on February 11 (AFP photo by Valerie Macon)

LOS ANGELES — Veronica Yune hangs upside down over the stage as she slowly undresses; below, wrestlers “Sexi” and “Mexi” gyrate their hips and steel themselves to face Dirty Sanchez in the ring.

Welcome to the carnival world of Lucha VaVoom, a flamboyant mix of American burlesque and Mexican wrestling.

“Blood is coursing through our veins!” says Serafina, a stilt dancer wearing a red corset and a huge bell skirt from which emerge the emcees who open this troupe’s first performance in Los Angeles after a two-year pandemic hiatus.

The audience that fills the Mayan Theatre knows exactly what they are getting; many are seasoned veterans of the spectacle.

“It’s my seventh show,” says Clix, an artist who uses one name, who has travelled from Arizona and is marking the occasion with a souvenir T-shirt.

“Vavoom is a lifestyle, it’s a call to embrace freedom of expression,” explains Serafina.

“We are alive!” she shouts, grabbing a heart-topped cane as a prop for this Valentine’s Day-themed show.

The loose story that the evening presents resembles the plot of a romantic comedy, but with a modern twist.

That romance finds echoes in the real lives of those on stage.

More than two decades ago, Liz Fairbairn abandoned her comfortable American life and headed for Mexico, following a wrestler she had met on a movie set in California. 

The relationship ended, but the love affair with wrestling endured, says Fairbairn, who embraced the show and brought it home. 

Convinced she needed something a little special to make Mexican wrestling work in Los Angeles, she partnered with a burlesque troupe.

“We thought that if we drew the audience to see the burlesque, they would see the wrestling, too, and love it. And they did,” says Fairbairn, sitting in a stunning yellow chair surrounded by hearts.

 

Hair and makeup

 

When COVID-19 began tearing through the United States in early 2020, public venues across California were shut down, and the entire cast was sent home.

“I practiced at home. It was like continuing to practice to be ready to come back,” says Veronica Yune, as a stylist adjusts the pink wig that tops off her vintage look.

“I dreamed a lot about Lucha VaVoom performances,” says Serafina. “It’s an honour to be back on this stage.”

The dressing room where the performers put the final touches to their characters smells of spray and singed hair as stylists fashion improbable coifs and outlandish wigs.

Makeup artists stick on huge false eyelashes and garnish eyes with dramatic lines.

In among the stretching dancers there are feathers, glitter and discarded lingerie, as well as the occasional wrestler slathering oil on toned muscles.

During the shutdown, the cast worked on other projects but mostly without an audience. 

“It was super hard,” says Taya Valkyrie, a former WWE wrestler.

“[The spectators] are part of the show, they give me their energy and I give them mine. It’s an interaction,” she explains as she swishes a huge black cape around her shoulders.

Valkyrie refuses to speak her native English during an interview with AFP.

“If we’re going to talk about wrestling, it has to be in Spanish,” she insists.

Taya is the only wrestler who fights without a mask, a defining element of the genre.

Mystery is non-negotiable for the entire cast of Lucha VaVoom — the dancers will only say they are “timeless” when asked their age and the wrestlers never step outside their roles.

“The magic of the character I bring is what’s important to people,” says El Chupacabra, a wrestler inspired by a folklore character who resembles a reptile and is known for attacking cattle and fowl.

His opponents tonight are The Crazy Chickens. Unfortunately, they proved impossible to interview, emitting barely a cluck when questioned, and nothing that resembled either English or Spanish.

On stage, audience favourite Dirty Sanchez is screaming into the microphone, promising an action-packed night.

“I’m going to hurt people,” he shouts.

For Arizona-based fan Clix, it is manna from heaven.

“During the pandemic, my heart was broken. Two years without Vavoom was like hell. But now I’m back on Cloud Nine.”

10 years after ‘Gangnam Style’, South Korean rapper Psy is happier than ever

By - Jun 15,2022 - Last updated at Jun 15,2022

Psy in a dance studio at his record label and entertainment agency P NATION in the Gangnam district of Seoul on May 27 (AFP photo)

SEOUL — Ten years after “Gangnam Style” became a global phenomenon, South Korean rapper Psy is living his best life — proud of his “greatest trophy” and free from the pressure of repeating that unprecedented success.

Uploaded to YouTube on July 15, 2012, the song’s wacky music video became a runaway megahit, with its trademark horse-riding dance spawning thousands of imitations, spoofs and spinoffs.

It was the first YouTube video to reach 1 billion views, and with it Psy attained what K-pop acts before him could not: global recognition.

At the peak of the song’s popularity, he was everywhere — sharing the stage with Madonna, leading a flash mob in front of the Eiffel Tower, and performing before then US president Barack Obama.

But the success of “Gangnam Style” was a double-edged sword — with fame came pressure to deliver another huge hit. Psy once described it as one of the most difficult periods of his life.

Things became “heavier and harder because... every time I [had] to have that kind of strong song”, Psy told AFP in an interview last week at his company’s headquarters in Gangnam — the posh Seoul district he poked fun at in the track.

“I had a huge dependency [on] the song... But you know, it’s 10 years ago, so right now I’m really free.”

“Gangnam Style” transformed not only Psy’s career but the music industry too, demonstrating how an artist not performing in a dominant language such as English could reach international audiences through the Internet.

It also prompted a change in how music charts were compiled, making Billboard take YouTube views and streams into account.

K-pop acts “are very huge on YouTube, they are getting a lot of views”, Psy said.

“If Billboard didn’t change, it [wouldn’t] be that easy,” the 44-year-old added.

Psy’s groundbreaking role has been acknowledged by some of the biggest names in K-pop.

“He’s always someone I was grateful for,” Suga, a member of hugely popular group BTS, said in a video last month.

“With ‘Gangnam Style’, he paved the way for K-pop in the United States... We were able to follow his footsteps with ease.”

 

A frontman like 

Freddie Mercury

 

Psy, whose real name is Park Jae-sang, was a superstar in South Korea well before “Gangnam Style”.

He cites Queen as his earliest inspiration — while in middle school, he watched a video of the British band’s famous 1986 concert at Wembley.

“I thought: I want to be a frontman like him [Freddie Mercury],” Psy told AFP.

“At that moment, I was not that good at music, not that good a singer... I was just a funny dancer.”

While attending university in the United States in the late 1990s, he was exposed to what many have described as one of the golden ages of hip-hop, including the music of rappers Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G.

“I literally heard hip-hop every day on the radio,” Psy said. “I thought: Oh, if I cannot sing that well, I gotta rap. Then I can be the frontman.”

Debuting in 2001, he quickly made a name for himself with humorous and explosive stage performances and won multiple awards.

Unusually controversial for a Korean pop star, several of his earlier songs and music videos were given adult ratings because of what state censors deemed bad language.

 

‘How lucky I am’

 

Since the explosive success of “Gangnam Style”, Psy has put out three albums.

The latest, “Psy 9th”, was released in April by P NATION — the record label and artist agency he founded in 2019.

Psy insists he is far from done, dividing his time between his own music and concerts and working with P NATION acts. And “Gangnam Style” remains a huge source of pride.

“It’s the biggest and greatest trophy of my life,” Psy told AFP. “When I do [a] show, it is my strongest weapon.”

This was demonstrated at a performance at Korea University in Seoul last week, when a heaving crowd sang along to every word during a high-energy set that included songs from his first album more than two decades ago, as well as his latest one.

The fact that the young audience knows all the words to songs that were released before many of them were even born is not lost on Psy.

“These days, [I say to myself]: ‘Wow, dude, you are very popular. They love you!’

“How lucky I am as an artist. I’m happier than ever these days.”

 

Ramsay Hunt, the disorder paralysing Justin Bieber’s face

By - Jun 14,2022 - Last updated at Jun 14,2022

PARIS — Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS), which has forced singer Justin Bieber to cancel his world tour, is a rare and painful complication of the virus that causes shingles and chickenpox.

RHS was discovered in 1907 by the neurologist of the same name. It is a rare neurological disorder that can inflame and then paralyse the facial nerve and cause a painful rash around the ear or mouth. 

Symptoms vary from person to person but can cause severe discomfort or pain. 

Most sufferers become paralysed on one side of the face and develop an ear rash, according to the US National Organisation for Rare Disorders (NORD).

The affected facial muscles may become weak or feel stiff, preventing the sufferer from smiling, frowning or shutting the eye on their paralysed side. In certain cases, their speech may become slurred. In many instances, a reddish, painful blistering rash appears on the outer ear and external ear canal.

“It’s often diagnosed because of this ear rash,” French infectious disease specialist, Benjamin Davido, told AFP.

Sometimes the blisters spread to the mouth, soft palate and upper throat and ear pain spreads to the neck. Other possible symptoms include ringing in the ears (tinnitus), earache, hearing loss or hyperacusis — where sounds appear much louder than normal — nausea and vertigo. 

RHS is caused by the varicella zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox in children and shingles in adults. The virus can remain dormant for decades in a person who has had chickenpox as a child. 

When it is reactivated, the carrier develops shingles and in some cases RHS. It is unclear why the virus reactivates and affects the facial nerve.

RHS affects men and women in equal measure. Around five people in every 100,000 develop the syndrome in the United States every year, according to one estimate cited by NORD.

However, some researchers believe cases go undiagnosed or are misdiagnosed, making it difficult to determine the disorder’s true frequency in the general population.

Anyone who has had chickenpox can potentially develop Ramsay Hunt syndrome, but it is extremely rare in children, NORD said. Most cases affect older adults, more particularly those over 60 or with compromised immunity.

“It’s quite astonishing to get Ramsay Hunt at Justin Bieber’s age,” Davido said. “But an unhealthy lifestyle or excessive fatigue can contribute because they make you more prone to viral infections.”

RHS is generally treated by antiviral drugs such as acyclovir and famciclovir, along with corticosteroids like prednisone. 

Physiotherapy — “which must start early on” — usually enables the sufferer to make a full recovery but “around 30 per cent” experience after-effects, Davido said.

Space probe reveals secrets of ‘restless’ Milky Way

By - Jun 14,2022 - Last updated at Jun 14,2022

The Gaia spacecraft is positioned 1.5 million kilometres from Earth (Representational photo)

 

PARIS — The Gaia space probe on Monday unveiled its latest discoveries in its quest to map the Milky Way in unprecedented detail, surveying nearly two million stars and revealing mysterious “starquakes” which sweep across the fiery giants like vast tsunamis.

The mission’s third data set, which was released to eagerly waiting astronomers around the world at 1000 GMT, “revolutionises our understanding of the galaxy”, the European Space Agency (ESA) said.

ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher told a press conference that it was “a fantastic day for astronomy” because the data “will open the floodgates for new science, for new findings of our universe, of our Milky Way”.

Some of the map’s new insights came close to home, such as a catalogue of more than 156,000 asteroids in our Solar System “whose orbits the instrument has calculated with incomparable precision”, Francois Mignard, a member of the Gaia team, told AFP.

But Gaia also sees beyond the Milky Way, spotting 2.9 million other galaxies as well as 1.9 million quasars — the stunningly bright hearts of galaxies powered by supermassive black holes.

The Gaia spacecraft is nestled in a strategically positioned orbit 1.5 million kilometres from Earth, where it has been watching the skies since it was launched by the ESA in 2013.

The observation of starquakes, massive vibrations that change the shape of the distant stars, was “one of the most surprising discoveries coming out of the new data”, the ESA said.

Gaia was not built to observe starquakes but still detected the strange phenomenon on thousands of stars, including some that should not have any — at least according to our current understanding of the universe.

 

 ‘Turbulent’ galaxy

 

“We have a fantastic new gold mine to do the asteroseismology of hundreds of thousands of stars in our Milky War galaxy,” said Gaia team member Conny Aerts.

Gaia has surveyed more than 1.8 billion stars but that only represents around one per cent of the stars in the Milky Way, which is about 100,000 light years across.

The probe is equipped with two telescopes as well as a billion-pixel camera, which captures images sharp enough to gauge the diameter of a single strand of human hair 1,000 kilometres away.

It also has a range of other instruments that allow it to not just map the stars, but measure their movements, chemical compositions and ages.

The incredibly precise data “allows us to look more than 10 billion years into the past history of our own Milky Way”, said Anthony Brown, the chair of the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium which sifted through the massive amount of data.

The results from Gaia are already “far beyond what we expected” at this point, Mignard said.

They show that our galaxy is not moving smoothly through the universe as had been thought but is instead “turbulent” and “restless”, he said.

“It has had a lot of accidents in its life and still has them” as it interacts with other galaxies, he added. “Perhaps it will never be in a stationary state.”

“Our galaxy is indeed a living entity, where objects are born, where they die,” Aerts said. 

 

‘Tens of thousands of exoplanets’

 

“The surrounding galaxies are continuously interacting with our galaxy and sometimes also falling inside it”.

Around 50 scientific papers were published alongside the new data, with many more expected in the coming years. 

Gaia’s observations have fuelled thousands of studies since its first dataset was released in 2016.

The second dataset in 2018 allowed astronomers to show that the Milky Way merged with another galaxy in a violent collision around 10 billion years ago.

It took the team five years to deliver the latest data, which was observed from 2014 to 2017. 

The final dataset will be released in 2030, after Gaia finishes its mission surveying the skies in 2025.

Monday’s release confirmed only two new exoplanets — and 200 other potential candidates — but far more are expected in the future.

“In principle Gaia, especially when it goes on for the full 10 years, should be capable of detecting tens of thousands of exoplanets down to Jupiter’s mass,” Brown said.

Renault Megane Sedan SCE115: Sensible, stylish saloon

By - Jun 13,2022 - Last updated at Jun 13,2022

Photos courtesy of Renault

Pitched as the more developing market-friendly version of the fourth generation Renault Megane, the Megane Sedan SCE115 is the entry-level version of that model line, as available in the Middle East.

Styled as a traditional four-door, three-box saloon, as favoured in most such markets, rather than a hatchback or estate as sold in Europe, the SCE115 also eschews the pricey, sensitive and more complicated downsized turbocharged engines available in Europe, for a more affordable, less complicated and more familiar naturally-aspirated engine.

 

Flowing and fluent

 

Built in Turkey but sharing its platform, name and styling cues with the European version, the Megane Sedan is arguably one of Renault’s most authentically French offering in the region, where many models are co-developed with Dacia and Samsung subsidiaries, but sold under the more up-market Renault parent brand across the region. Underlining the Megane Sedan’s sense of authenticity, it has also been sold alongside sporty GT and high performance RS European market hot hatch versions in some Middle East markets.

Slotting in between Renault’s small Logan and Talisman mid-saloons, the Megane Sedan is a sharper looking and all-together better designed successor to the Fluence compact saloon. Sleek and flowing in design, the Megane Sedan brings a distinctly sporty and elegant styling sensibility to its segment, and features an assertive fascia with stylish headlights with dramatic deep-set elements and C-shaped outline. Its flanks feature prominent concave surfacing to emphasise its sills and subtly broad hips at the rear wheel-arches.

 

Proven and progressive

 

Seamlessly translating the Megane hatchback’s design for a saloon, the Megane Sedan’s high-set boot extends fluently from its rakish roofline, while slim and wide rear lights lend a classy aesthetic from rear views. Under its sculpted bonnet, the Megane SCE115 is powered by a 16-valve 1.6-litre multi-point injection version of Renault’s proven K-Type series engine, as commonly found in other popular Renaults in the region. Producing 113BHP at 5,500rpm and 115lb/ft torque at 4,000rpm, it returns moderate 6.6l/100km combined fuel efficiency.

Compact and moderate in weight at 1,287kg, the Megane SCE115 delivers adequate, if not particularly quick performance, with 0-100km/h achieved in 13.2-seconds. Top speed is meanwhile a respectable 180km/h. Confident and responsive to throttle input from standstill, the Megane is progressive through revs and in power and torque delivery. Its engine is willing towards its rev limit, even if encumbered with CVT transmission that operates to maintain steady revs, rather than a traditional gearbox, which gives the driver more control and connection between ratios and revs.

Refined ride

 

That said, the Megane’s CVT is seamlessly smooth, responsive and promotes efficiency when operated at moderate conditions. At full throttle and more demanding conditions, one can detect hints of the ‘slingshot’ or ‘slipping clutch’-like effect typical to all CVT systems, as speed increases at a seemingly faster rate than revs rise, with ratios re-adjusting instead to keep up. On motorways, the CVT meanwhile allows for quiet fuel-saving low rev driving, while the Megane’s ride feels refined, confident and stable for its class.

Riding on MacPherson strut front and torsion beam rear suspension — with unexaggerated 205/55R16 tyres — the Megane Sedan delivers a happy compromise between handling and ride qualities. With good body control through corners, it meanwhile delivers a forgiving ride quality for the most part. With enough absorption and suppleness over imperfections, it can be slightly firm over sudden jagged potholes and bumps. A comfortable ride, the Megane Sedan also feels settled in its vertical movements in most daily driving conditions.

 

Sporty flavours

 

Eager and tidy turning into corners for a restrained family saloon, the Megane Sedan grips well and feels reassuringly stable, but is alert and agile enough to remain engaging. Steering is meanwhile well-weighted and direct, and front ventilated and rear solid disc brakes are confidently capable. With milder hints of the sporting character that defines the Megane GT and RS hot hatches, the garden variety Megane Sedan is, however, a different breed, and lacks their superb four-wheel-steering and the enhanced agility and stability it adds.

Uncomplicated and uncluttered, the Megane Sedan’s cabin is pleasant and user-friendly inside, with decent enough materials, and logical easy to reach layouts. Elegantly simple to use if not luxurious, its cabin uses brightwork trim to outline various clusters, while sporty elements include a thick slightly contoured steering wheel and deep-set instruments. Front space and visibility are adequate, but rear headroom and rear-side visibility are slightly affected by a low roofline. Reasonably well-equipped for its segment, the Megane Sedan also features generous luggage room.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

  • Engine: 1.6-liter, transverse, 4-cylinders
  • Bore x stroke: 78 x 83.6mm
  • Valve-train: 16-valve, DOHC
  • Gearbox: Continuously variable transmission (CVT), front-wheel-drive
  • Power, BHP (PS) [kW]: 113 (115) [84] @5,500rpm
  • Specific power: 70.7BHP/litre
  • Power-to-weight: 87.8BHP/tonne
  • Torque, lb/ft (Nm): 115 (156) @4,000rpm
  • Specific torque: 97.6Nm/litre
  • Torque-to-weight: 121.2Nm/tonne
  • 0-100 km/h: 13.2-seconds (estimate)
  • Top speed: 180km/h
  • Fuel capacity: 50-liters
  • Fuel economy, combined: 6.6-liters/100km
  • CO2 emissions, combined: 153g/km
  • Length: 4,632mm
  • Width: 1,814mm
  • Height: 1,443mm
  • Wheelbase: 2,711mm
  • Track, F/R: 1,577/1,574mm
  • Overhang, F/R: 919/1,002mm
  • Ground clearance: 136mm
  • Headroom, F/R: 840/851mm
  • Luggage volume, min/max: 503-/987-litres
  • Unladen weight: 1,287kg (estimate)
  • Steering: Power-assisted rack & pinion
  • Turning radius: 11.3-metres
  • Suspension, F/R: MacPherson struts/torsion beam
  • Brakes, F/R: ventilated discs/discs
  • Tyres: 205/55R16

Should my teen take a gap year?

By , - Jun 12,2022 - Last updated at Jun 14,2022

Photo courtesy of Family Flavours magazine

By Dina Halaseh
Educational Psychologist

After high school graduation, students are expected to choose their specialisation and decide what they want to do with their lives. This might be very stressful for most students, so a gap year could be a solution.

A gap year is a year taken by students right after high school to help deepen their knowledge, experience and understanding of themselves, as well as what career options might suit them best. 

Some people argue that deferring a year to discover oneself might result in losing that momentum and not going back to finish any degree. Studies show that this is not the case. Taking a gap year does not mean that your grad will not go back to school.

However, many students tend to forget and lose many study skills after quitting for even one year. They are, to an extent, used to attending class and studying after high school; taking a gap year off means losing many of these hard-earned skills.

 

Self-discovery

 

The positive side of high school graduates taking a gap year is the opportunity to gain experiences and understand themselves better to help reflect on what they want to do next and what career options they might enjoy and excel at.

According to brain science, the part of the brain (prefrontal cortex) in charge of making decisions, time management, and many other skills don’t fully develop until age 25. Yet we ask 17 and 18-year-olds to decide what they will be doing for the rest of their lives without giving them practical experience in these career paths.

During a gap year, students discover what they can and can’t do, their passions, strengths and what they’re good at. This, of course, doesn’t happen overnight, nor if students just sit there on the couch watching television and playing video games. There are a few things that they need to do to get there.

Filling this year with as many experiences, stepping out of their comfort zones and trying new things will be the key to helping them with self-discovery.

 

Hybrid gap year

 

A simpler option is available for those interested in trying a gap year but don’t feel like it is the right choice for them: A hybrid model. Going to university while only taking a few courses per semester helps give students the flexibility to work or volunteer while trying college, giving them more time to explore and engage with their interests.

In their gap year, students can take their time finding new hobbies or skills, taking on an internship or volunteering.

The reality is there might not be any other time when students can take a year off to expand their knowledge and horizon. So it might be vital to use this opportunity to travel and build their understanding of how life works outside the boundaries of their high school, country and families.

Many believe that travelling is the only way to spend this gap year. The reality is that even though travelling does expose us to new cultures, traditions and different ways of life, it is not the only way. There are many things that a person can do during this gap year that don’t cost a fortune. 

 

Reprinted with permission from Family Flavours magazine

The age of outbreaks: Experts warn of more animal disease threats

By - Jun 11,2022 - Last updated at Jun 11,2022

PARIS — With the spread of monkeypox across the world coming hot on the heels of COVID-19, there are fears that increasing outbreaks of diseases that jump from animals to humans could spark another pandemic.

While such diseases — called zoonoses — have been around for millennia, they have become more common in recent decades due to deforestation, mass livestock cultivation, climate change and other human-induced upheavals of the animal world, experts say.

Other diseases to leap from animals to humans include HIV, Ebola, Zika, SARS, MERS, bird flu and the bubonic plague.

The World Health Organisation said on Thursday that it is still investigating the origins of COVID, but the “strongest evidence is still around zoonotic transmission”.

And with more than 1,000 monkeypox cases recorded globally over the last month, the UN agency has warned there is a “real” risk the disease could become established in dozens of countries.

The WHO’s emergencies director Michael Ryan said last week that “it’s not just in monkeypox” — the way that humans and animals interact has become “unstable”.

“The number of times that these diseases cross into humans is increasing and then our ability to amplify that disease and move it on within our communities is increasing,” he said.

Monkeypox did not recently leap over to humans — the first human case was identified in DR Congo in 1970 and it has since been confined to areas in Central and Western Africa.

Despite its name, “the latest monkeypox outbreak has nothing to do with monkeys,” said Olivier Restif, epidemiologist at the University of Cambridge.

While it was first discovered in macaques, “zoonotic transmission is most often from rodents, and outbreaks spread by person-to-person contact”, he told AFP.

 

Worse yet to come?

 

Around 60 per cent of all known human infections are zoonotic, as are 75 per cent of all new and emerging infectious diseases, according to the UN Environment Programme.

Restif said the number of zoonotic pathogens and outbreaks have increased in the past few decades due to “population growth, livestock growth and encroachment into wildlife habitats”.

“Wild animals have drastically changed their behaviours in response to human activities, migrating from their depleted habitats,” he said.

“Animals with weakened immune systems hanging around near people and domestic animals is a sure way of getting more pathogen transmission.”

Benjamin Roche, a specialist in zoonoses at France’s Institute of Research for Development, said that deforestation has had a major effect.

“Deforestation reduces biodiversity: We lose animals that naturally regulate viruses, which allows them to spread more easily,” he told AFP.

And worse may be to come, with a major study published earlier this year warning that climate change is ramping the risk of another pandemic.

As animals flee their warming natural habitats they will meet other species for the first time — potentially infecting them with some of the 10,000 zoonotic viruses believed to be “circulating silently” among wild mammals, mostly in tropical forests, the study said.

Greg Albery, a disease ecologist at Georgetown University who co-authored the study, told AFP that “the host-pathogen network is about to change substantially”.

 

‘We have to be ready’

 

“We need improved surveillance both in urban and wild animals so that we can identify when a pathogen has jumped from one species to another — and if the receiving host is urban or in close proximity to humans, we should get particularly concerned,” he said.

Eric Fevre, a specialist in infectious diseases at Britain’s University of Liverpool and the International Livestock Research Institute in Kenya, said that “a whole range of new, potentially dangerous diseases could emerge — we have to be ready”.

This includes “focusing the public health of populations” in remote environments and “better studying the ecology of these natural areas to understand how different species interact”.

Restif said that there is “no silver bullet — our best bet is to act at all levels to reduce the risk”.

“We need huge investment in frontline healthcare provision and testing capacity for deprived communities around the world, so that outbreaks can be detected, identified and controlled without delays,” he said.

On Thursday, a WHO scientific advisory group released a preliminary report outlining what needs to be done when a new zoonotic pathogen emerges.

It lists a range of early investigations into how and where the pathogen jumped to humans, determining the potential risk, as well as longer-term environmental impacts.

 

Against Type: Russian print artist makes posters for peace

By - Jun 09,2022 - Last updated at Jun 09,2022

MOSCOW — Before the launch of Russia’s military campaign in Ukraine, printer Sergei Besov was part of a burgeoning art scene centred around in a converted factory in northern Moscow.

Using an old printing press with hefty wooden Cyrillic type and vintage red ink, Besov created nostalgia-tinged posters with updated Soviet-style slogans.

More than three months after Russian forces moved into Ukraine in late February, Besov is still working, but these days his posters are about more than witty catchphrases.

“Everyone Needs Peace,” reads one of his latest creations, hanging over the entrance to his Partisan Press poster workshop. 

Besov, 45, gained instant attention when, in the early days of Russia’s military offensive he started printing “No to War” posters in the shop. 

One video of a poster being made garnered 3.6 million views on Instagram.

“It was unclear whether martial law was going to be introduced... Everyone was in a panic,” he says.

Besov stopped making the “No to War” posters after Russia introduced strict new censorship laws, making it illegal to refer to the intervention as a war and setting jail terms for those found guilty of discrediting Russia’s military.

He began printing the “Everyone Needs Peace” posters instead but the police still turned up at this shop in early March and detained two of his employees.

 

‘They talk about fear’

 

“They were very nervous,” he says. The two women are now waiting to know whether they will face any charges.

The workshop took a few weeks off in March “simply out of fear”, Besov says, but is now up and running again.

On one recent spring day, Besov was out in the streets of Moscow in sunglasses and a black T-shirt, using a paint brush to slather glue on one of his posters in front of a brick wall covered with graffiti.

Once the glue was applied, he stuck up the poster reading: “If there are dreams, there will be journeys.”

Tens of thousands of Russians have decided to take one-way journeys since the start of the conflict, fleeing the country with no plans to return.

But Besov says he plans to stay. 

“Today the posters are about what happens to us. They talk about fear. ‘Fear is no reason not to act’ was the first poster we printed after our break,” he says.

The posters’ slogans are vague and eerie, loaded with the words that cannot be said: “The wave will sweep everything away”, “The main thing is not to lose yourself”, “Every wall has a door”. 

One reads simply “Cognitive Dissonance” — a reference, Besov says, to how many in Moscow are living their normal lives while “our friends over there [in Ukraine] are suffering.

“And even worse, we understand that everyone is getting used to it.”

Despite his passion for his work, Besov is not sure how long he can keep his shops running or printing the posters.

His main business is printing high-end stationery and business cards at another nearby workshop under the imprint Demon Press. But under Western sanctions, the fine paper he uses for the business will soon be impossible to find in Moscow. 

And the vintage red ink he uses for his posters — made in the Soviet-dominated Hungarian People’s Republic in 1989 — will also soon run dry.

 

MeToo film movement shifts to action

By - Jun 09,2022 - Last updated at Jun 09,2022

Photo courtesy of unsplash.com

PARIS — As the MeToo movement evolves, the film industry is seeking practical ways to ensure its opposition to harassment and abuse is translated into tangible improvements.

Campaign group Time’s Up UK is the latest to offer a concrete initiative, announcing plans for a panel of experts to hear complaints, similar to standards authorities for doctors, teachers and other professionals. 

Currently, staff on movie productions often fear “that if they make a complaint against a senior figure, they will be devoured”, Dame Heather Rabbatts, chair of Time’s Up UK, told AFP. 

The proposed three-person panel will include experts in harassment and abuse who can offer “help, mediation and investigation”, she said. 

The idea cuts both ways in the debate, seeking to counter those who say abuse allegations lead to people being “cancelled” before there has been a proper inquiry. 

“We want to avoid trial by media. It doesn’t help anybody,” said Rabbatts.

“The body would have the highest levels of confidentiality and mitigate the problem of people being treated as though they are guilty until proven innocent.”

 

‘Profound distrust’

 

The Hollywood Commission, set up in 2017 to tackle abuse in the US industry, is working on a similar panel, as well as an anonymous reporting platform to gather complaints. 

France has also introduced practical measures, including insurance that covers the cost of a production being halted while a complaint is investigated. 

Previously, “people spoke out but nothing happened because there was too much money involved to stop filming”, said Iris Brey, a writer specialising in cinema and gender.

Since last year, the Centre National du Cinema has been running training courses in preventing and detecting sexual harassment — mandatory for any film accessing France’s generous subsidies.

Having more women on sets is also a crucial part of the battle.

Some companies, including Netflix and Amazon, now require productions to have diverse heads of department before a project gets green-lit. 

But there is a long way to go. 

Riley Keough, who happens to be Elvis Presley’s granddaughter, won in the newcomer’s Un Certain Regard section at last month’s Cannes Film Festival with her first film, “War Pony”.

She told reporters that, despite her fame, she and co-director Gina Gammell found it very difficult to raise funding.

“Many first-time male filmmakers are getting a lot more money than first-time female filmmakers,” she said. 

“There’s a profound distrust in women being in positions of leadership. Maybe that isn’t conscious but I see it happening.”

 

‘Unacceptable’

 

France’s prolific industry has a particularly high proportion of women directors but misogyny is still entrenched, said Reine Prat, who writes about gender and culture.

“An exception is made for culture,” she told AFP. “Behaviour is permitted in this sector that is unacceptable elsewhere.” 

She highlighted Roman Polanski’s best picture win at the 2020 Cesar Awards — France’s version of the Oscars. 

This was despite fresh rape allegations against him, adding to his long-standing conviction for violently raping a 13-year-old girl, for which he remains a fugitive from US justice. 

“We talk about separating the art from the artist but they were clearly paying homage to Mr Polanski himself,” said Prat. “It was a green light to anyone who behaves that way.”

The incident caused uproar, with French actress Adele Haenel — herself the victim of abuse by a director when she was 12 — pointedly walking out of the ceremony and the Cesar board resigning en masse in the aftermath.

Prat argues the rot starts at the top of French society, pointing to the three ministers in President Emmanuel Macron’s governments who have been accused of rape. 

But to complicate matters France’s 50/50 Collective, which campaigns for gender parity in the film business, was recently torn apart after a board member was accused of sexually assaulting a woman at one of its meetings. 

Real progress requires more fundamental change, says Brey.

“Nothing will change unless we question why desire is so often linked to domination. Questioning our desires is something men and women both need to do,” she said. 

“The cinema industry forms our images of sex and desire. That’s why it’s so important to have these conversations on film sets.”

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