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Lifespan 2040: US down, China up, Spain on top

By - Oct 17,2018 - Last updated at Oct 17,2018

AFP photo

PARIS — Life expectancy in 2040 is set to rise at least a little in all nations but the rankings will change dramatically, with Spain taking the top spot while China and the United States trade places, researchers said Wednesday.

With a projected average lifespan of nearly 85.8 years, Spain — formerly in 4th place — will dethrone Japan, which sits atop the rankings today with a lifespan of 83.7 years, and will drop to 2nd place in 2040.

In a shift that will be seen by some to reflect a superpower changing-of-the-guard, the world’s two largest economies effectively swap positions compared to 2016: in 2040 the US drops from 43rd to 64th (79.8 years), while China rises from 68th to 39th (81.9 years).

The researchers found other nations set to lose ground in the race towards longevity include Canada (from 17th to 27th), Norway (12th to 20th), Australia (5th to 10th), Mexico (69th to 87th), Taiwan (35th to 42nd) and North Korea 125th to 153rd).

Moving up the ranking are Indonesia (117th to 100th), Nigeria (157th to 123rd), Portugal (23rd to 5th), Poland (48th to 34th), Turkey (40th to 26th), Saudi Arabia (61st to 43rd).

Assuming its interminable and devastating war comes to an end, Syria is set to rise from 137th in 2016 to 80th in 2040.

For the world as a whole, the researchers’ study projected a five-year gain in lifespan, from 73.8 in 2016 to 77.7 in 2040.

They also forecast more optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, in which life expectancy increases to 81 years in the first case and essentially stagnates in the second. 

“The future of the world’s health is not pre-ordained,” said lead author Kyle Foreman, head of data science at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington.

“But whether we see signficant progress or stagnation depends on how well or poorly health systems address key health drivers.”

 

Smoking and poor diet

 

The top five “drivers”, or determinants, of average lifespans two decades from now are all related to so-called “lifestyle” diseases: high blood pressure, being overweight, high blood sugar, along with alcohol and tobacco use.

More generally, the world will see an acceleration of the shift already under way from communicable to non-communicable diseases, along with injuries, as the top cause of premature death.

Ranking a close sixth is air pollution, which scientists estimate claims a million lives a year in China alone.

The world’s poorest countries in 2018 will continue to fair poorly when it comes to life expectancy, according to the study, published in The Lancet.

With the exception of Afghanistan, the bottom 30 countries in 2040 — with projected lifespans between 57 and 69 years — are either in sub-Saharan Africa or small island states in the Pacific. 

Lesotho, the Central African Republic, Zimbabwe, Somalia and Swaziland are in the basement of the rankings. 

“Inequalities will continue to be large,” said IHME Director Christopher Murray.

“In a substantial number of countries, too many people will continue earning relatively low incomes, remain poorly educated and die prematurely.”

“But nations could make faster progress by helping people tackle the major risks, especially smoking and poor diet,” he added in a statement.

Tobacco consumption alone claims about seven million lives each year, according to the World Health Organisation.

In 2016, four of the top-ten causes of premature mortality were non-communicable diseases or injuries. In 2040, that figure is expected to rise to eight-out-of-ten. 

The study is available at www.healthdata.org.

Mauritian dodo

By - Oct 17,2018 - Last updated at Oct 17,2018

Ten months ago, I moved back to the African continent, after a gap of roughly ten years. I had lived in Johannesburg and Dar-es-Salaam earlier, which were as different from each other, as chalk and cheese. The latter is in Tanzania, which is in East Africa, while the former is in South Africa. These two countries do not have much in common as their spoken languages are dissimilar, eating habits are diverse and even the weather patterns are varied. 

Mauritius, where I have relocated, is “the best African destination you know almost nothing about”, claims Tony Smart in the CNN travel magazine. So, let me tell you everything about it. This is an island state in the Indian Ocean, which is situated geographically in the intersection of Africa and Asia. The country is a part of the Eastern African sub region, which constitutes twenty territories and is included in Africa’s small island nations, together with Comoros and Seychelles. It is also a member of the African Union.

Right! These particulars you might find while surfing online too but what you will not discover is how far the distances are between the north and south of the island or from east to west, for that matter. Despite the total land area of the country being 2,040 sq.km (about 80 per cent the size of Luxembourg) it takes a minimum of ninety minutes in commuting from one end of the island to another. Everyone has their own social circles according to the region they reside in and going the extra mile to a party is not very common here. It happens but I have observed that it is quite a rare occurrence. 

Also, though people in Mauritius do not like to associate themselves with the laidback “hakuna matata” (Swahili language phrase from Central East Africa that means no worries) mindset of the rest of the continent, they seem to have the same disregard for time. There is never any rush to get anything done and everybody follows the “island time”, which can be anything between a few hours to a few days. 

The dodo is the national bird of Mauritius that is now extinct. Sadly, the first European explorers ate it up in the seventeenth century. This three-foot tall flightless bird lived on fruit and nested on the ground. It is curious that a bird without wings could exist on an island. Experts believe the dodo could fly but once it got to Mauritius it chose not to; it had a strange reverse evolution of trying to achieve something called, flightlessness.

Aside from the phrase ‘as dead as a dodo,’ the bird’s chief contribution to literature is its cameo in Lewis Carroll’s “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland,” where it stages a “Caucus Race”. It’s widely believed that the Dodo was a stand-in for Carroll himself, whose real name was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. Take the first two letters of the author’s last name and the fact that Carroll had a pronounced stutter, and you can see why he identified so closely with the long-gone dodo. 

Surprisingly, before visiting any country in Africa, my acquaintances call me first to check. 

“Listen, you got mugged in Tanzania or South Africa?” asked my friend on the phone. 

“Dar-es-Salaam,” I replied. 

“We are going to Cape Town,” she confided.

“Everything is beautiful there,” I exclaimed.

“Crime scene as extinct as the dodo?” she joked. 

“Also enhanced,” I said cautiously.

“Rare occurrence?” she questioned.

“Daily occurrence,” I warned.

Less violent behaviour seen in teens where spanking is illegal

By - Oct 16,2018 - Last updated at Oct 16,2018

Photo courtesy of wordpress.com

Teens may be less likely to get in fist fights when they live in countries where it is illegal for parents to spank or slap children as punishment for bad behaviour, an international study suggests. 

Researchers examined data on more than 403,000 adolescents in 88 countries that are home to almost half of the world’s teenagers. Overall, rates of physical fighting were 42 per cent lower among girls and 69 per cent lower among boys in countries with full bans on corporal punishment at home and in school than in nations without prohibitions on spanking or hitting kids. 

“Kids mimic their parents’ behaviour,” said lead author Frank Elgar, a researcher at McGill University in Montreal. 

“Corporal punishment teaches children that physical force is an acceptable way to change someone’s behaviour,” Elgar said by e-mail. “It’s a powerful lesson that carries through to their own social relationships in later life, including their own parenting styles, even men’s violence towards women.” 

While the study focused on government policies, not individual parents’ approaches to discipline, the results suggest that discouraging corporal punishment at a national level may help shape teens’ attitudes about violence and their propensity to get into physical fights, researchers note in BMJ Open. 

An estimated 17 per cent of adolescents worldwide have experienced corporal punishment at home or in school in the past month, researchers note. 

Corporal punishment is typically intended to cause pain but not physically injure children. Proponents argue that it is harmless or even beneficial to long-term health, but the practice has been linked to aggressive behaviour, mental health problems and academic and cognitive challenges, the study authors write. 

To find out if national bans might affect rates of youth violence around the globe, the researchers drew on data from two longstanding surveys of teen behaviour in 88 countries: the World Health Organisation Health Behaviour in School Aged Children study and the Global School-based Health Survey. 

The surveys included a question on whether, and how often, the respondent had been involved in a physical fight over the past 12 months. 

Thirty countries had implemented a full ban on corporal punishment at school and at home; 38 had bans only for schools; and 20 had no bans in place. 

Physical fighting was more than three times more common in boys than girls, the analysis found. It also varied widely by country, with the proportion of youth engaged in violent behaviour ranging from less than 1 per cent of girls in Costa Rica to nearly 35 per cent of boys in Samoa. 

In countries with partial bans that only applied to schools — which includes the UK, the US and Canada — fighting was not any less common among boys that it was in nations with no ban at all. But fighting was 56 per cent less common among teen girls. 

These associations held true even after accounting for other potentially influential factors, such as national wealth, the murder rate and social programmes aiming to curb teens’ exposure to violence at home and at school. 

The study was not a controlled experiment designed to prove whether or how national policies on corporal punishment directly impacted parenting choices or teen behaviour. It also did not examine the frequency or severity of any exposure to spanking or hitting. 

Even so, the results add to evidence suggesting that children’s exposure to violence at home and at school can have a lasting impact on their behaviour later in life, said Andrew Riley, a researcher at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland who was not involved in the study. 

“We know that corporal punishment increases the risk of many poor outcomes later in life: Interpersonal violence, behavioural and mental health problems, physical health problems, and poorer academic performance to name a few,” Riley said by e-mail. “The effects are probably worst when parenting practices are harsh and inconsistent overall.”

Asthma during pregnancy tied to postpartum depression risk

By - Oct 15,2018 - Last updated at Oct 15,2018

AFP photo

Women who have asthma during their pregnancies are more likely to experience postpartum depression after delivery, a large Canadian study suggests. 

Physicians should watch for signs of depression in their pregnant patients with asthma so treatment and coping strategies can start early, the authors write in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. 

“We knew asthma in general [outside of pregnancy] is associated with an increased risk of depression, so we suspected that asthma during pregnancy could increase the risk of postpartum depression,” said lead author Lucie Blais, a researcher at the Universite de Montreal. 

“Women with asthma should be aware of the increased risk of postpartum depression and discuss quickly with their physician if they feel depressed or elaborate a strategy to minimise the risk before delivery,” Blais told Reuters Health in an e-mail.

To assess the risk, Blais and her colleagues compared the health histories of more than 35,000 pregnant women with asthma and almost 200,000 women without asthma who delivered babies in Quebec between 1998 and 2009.

In the year after delivery, rates of postpartum depression were roughly double among women with asthma.

At one month postpartum, 0.8 per cent of women with asthma were depressed, compared to 0.4 per cent of women without asthma. At three months, about 2 per cent of women with asthma had a depression diagnosis compared to 1 per cent of women without asthma. And at one year, about 6 per cent of women with asthma had postpartum depression compared to about 3 per cent of women without asthma. 

The researchers also considered other health conditions and demographic information and found that women with asthma were more likely to be under age 25, to live in urban areas and to have chronic diseases or pregnancy-related disorders. 

In addition, the rates of preterm birth, caesarean delivery, low birth weight, poor foetal growth or a congenital malformation at delivery were greater among women with asthma. 

After taking these factors into account, including history of depression, the authors calculated that women with asthma were still 58 per cent more likely than those without asthma to experience postpartum depression. 

It is not clear why having asthma during pregnancy would increase the risk of postpartum depression, the authors note. However, it might be due to increased feelings of anxiety or stress among women with asthma. Inflammation might also play a role. 

“Asthma and depression might share inflammatory processes and/or the difficulty to deal with a chronic disease while becoming a mother with several associated tasks and responsibilities,” Blais said. 

About one in every seven new mothers experiences postpartum depression, according to the American Psychological Association, and for about half, it may be their first episode of depression. 

Renault Koleos 2.5 CVT 4WD: Confidence and comfort

By - Oct 15,2018 - Last updated at Oct 15,2018

Photo courtesy of Renault

Reinvented as a larger and more upmarket crossover SUV, the second generation Renault Koleos now sits at the top of the French manufacturer’s SUV line-up.

Launched for the 2017 model year and pitched as a more premium mid-size crossover SUV, the new Koleos features a radically improved design, more generous equipment and technology, and thoroughly improved cabin appointment and materials. Meanwhile under its stylish skin, it is based on the same proven driveline and platform as Renault’s Japanese Alliance partner Nissan’s popular X-trail model.

 

Elegantly chunky

 

Aesthetically better resolved than its predecessor, the new Koleos well integrates into the broader Renault range and features a distinctively more dramatic design. With a muscularly ridged clamshell bonnet serving a heavy brow for its slim, scowling and seemingly sunken headlights, the Koleos fascia is also framed by and lower LED arc that runs towards its flanks. Bearing a large diamond-shaped Renault emblem in the middle of its thick slatted grille, the Koleos’s chunky demeanour includes strong wheel-arches and prominent rear haunches.

With a strong sense of presence to its design, the Koleos features a high waistline and big, thick rear lights with a thin LED outline and thin strips extending almost all the way across the rear fascia. Elegant yet confident, its design features an upright cabin, roofline and rear cargo compartment, which lends itself to a spacious cabin and generous 550-litre minimum and 1,690-litre maximum luggage capacity. Another arcing ridge meanwhile frames the rear fascia, while wide exhaust tips are neatly integrated in the bumper assembly.

 

Smooth and seamless

 

Powered by a proven and transversely-mounted 2.5-litre naturally-aspirated four-cylinder engine for Middle East markets, the Koleos develops 169BHP at 6,000rpm and 172lb/ft of torque at 4,000rpm, which powers its 1,607kg mass from standstill to 100km/h in 9.8-seconds and on to a 199km/h maximum.

Smooth, refined and eager through its rev range, the Koleos engine is progressive in delivery and features good throttle control and responsiveness for a comfortable and big SUV. Meanwhile efficiency is rated at 8.3l/100km on the combined cycle.

Driving through a continuously variable transmission, which constantly adjusts ratios to utilise engine speed and torque for efficiency, the Koleos’s transmission provides smooth and seamless delivery. Its broad and ever-changing ratios deliver a slingshot effect as engine revs and transmission ratios shift under hard acceleration, and provide improved on the move versatility. When lacking the clarity, commitment or precision of a traditional gearbox, for selecting a specific gear under hard driving, the Koleos’ features pre-set “manual” mode ratios that mimic a traditional automatic and allow more eager engine revving.

 

Refined ride

 

A smooth, comfortable and refined car to drive and ride in as a passenger, the Renault Koleos is well insulated from noise, vibration and road harshness. Its 18-inch alloys and 225/60R18 tyres meanwhile visually complement its beefy design, but also provide a good compromise between ride pliancy over imperfections, grip, steering precision and firmness through corners and when braking. Riding on MacPherson front and multilink rear suspension, the Koleos also proved stable and settled at speed. Braking meanwhile seemed reassuring.

Tidy and crisp on turn in by crossover SUV standards, its quick steering is precise and direct, while body control through corners was good for a vehicle of this size, weight and height. Driving the front wheels under normal driving conditions, the Koleos can send power rearwards for added traction and grip when necessary in 4WD Auto driving mode. Otherwise, front-drive mode proved best for efficiency in normal driving. Meanwhile on test drive through sandy and gravelly routes, the Koleos lockable four-wheel-drive mode and 210mm ground clearance proved effective.

 

Spacious seating

 

Distinctly more elegant and premium in its design, materials, textures and equipment inside, the new Koleos has a high and commanding driving position with good front visibility, and a rear view camera on higher spec models to help manoeuvre it in tight confines. Seating is comfortable and well adjustable, while passenger space is generous in front and rear, where legroom and access is noticeably good. Meanwhile front cabin design includes two console grab handles, large tablet-style landscape infotainment screen and wide storage box and armrest.

Well-equipped with safety, infotainment, convenience and driver assistance features, the Koleos comes with standard front, front-side and curtain airbags, remote central locking, dual zone air conditioning, rain sensing wipers, Isofix child seat latches, emergency brake assist and voice recognition. Higher spec and optional equipment further includes remote engine start, motion sensing auto tailgate operation, blind spot warning, parking assistance, silver front skidplate, 8-speaker sound system, ambient cabin lighting and a panoramic sunroof for an airy cabin ambiance.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

 

Engine: 2.5-litre, 16-valve, DOHC, transverse 4-cylinders

Bore x stroke: 89 x 100mm

Compression ratio; 10:1

Gearbox: Continuously variable transmission (CVT) 6-speed auto

Drive-train: Four-wheel-drive

Power, BHP (PS) [kW]: 169 (171) [126] @6,000rpm

Specific power: 68BHP/litre

Power-to-weight: 105BHP/tonne

Torque, lb/ft (Nm): 172 (233) @4,000rpm

Specific torque: 93.6Nm/litre

Torque-to-weight: 145Nm/tonne

0-100km/h: 9.8-seconds

Top speed: 199km/h

Fuel consumption, urban/extra-urban/combined: 10.7-/6.9-/
8.3l/100km

Fuel capacity: 60-litres

Length: 4,673mm

Width: 1,843mm

Height: 1,678mm

Wheelbase: 2,705mm

Ground clearance: 210mm

Track, F/R: 1,591/1,586mm

Overhang, F/R: 930/1,038mm

Headroom, F/R: 953/911mm

Shoulder room, F/R: 1,449/1,419mm

Cargo volume min/max: 550-/1,690-litres

Payload: 550kg

Unladen weight: 1,607kg

Suspension, F/R: MacPherson struts/multi-link

Steering: Power-assisted, rack & pinion

Turning circle: 11.4-metres

Brakes F/R: Ventilated discs, 296 x 26mm/292 x 16mm

Tyres: 225/60R18

50 years of intricate stories meant to illuminate the times

By - Oct 15,2018 - Last updated at Oct 15,2018

Windows on Interesting Times

Michael Jansen

Rimal Books 2018

Cyprus, www.rimalbooks.com

Pp. 383 + 11 pages of photographs

Price: 20 euros

 

Short, clipped sentences that follow and complete each other, and long, elaborate, detailed paragraphs form the rhythmic text of this page-turner that keeps the reader riveted.

Chronology follows the writer’s own tempo, seemingly random, yet, rendering a clear picture of a region that rarely sees a moment of peace and that Michael Jansen has made her home.

Hers are stories of people, places and events woven in a tapestry as intricate as the arabesques of Islamic art and as enthralling as those of Scheherazade — minus the romanticism, plus the gore, misery and injustice that have been plaguing the region for many decades.

From the early time of her writing — as a 17-year-old American writing about the 1958 Iraqi revolution after a chance encounter with Iraqi students at the University of Michigan, for The Bay City Times, at her birthplace that she “escapes” by going to Mount Holyoke College, or as she puts it, “from a small town of 60,000 in Michigan to a town with a quarter of its population in Massachusetts” — and for the next five decades, Jansen has been recording history, as a reporter. As a book writer, she blends facts with rich descriptions of people, history and nature in a measured, calm tone, careful to present the information in the most faithful way possible.

“I have tried to be in watching and listening mode and to report what I saw and heard in an effort to reflect reality and avoid perpetrating the injustice of telling it wrong,” she says in the Epilogue to her book.

She does that by corroborating information and, most importantly, by talking to people, from “worthies” to the simple man in the street, for they all have a story to tell that she is willing to listen to.

“This book is not a history of the past half-century of the Middle East, not a memoire, not an autobiography,” says the author in the Prefatory note, but just windows meant to illuminate the times, opened by journalism, providing whereabouts for eyewitness accounts of seminal or dramatic events. 

It is all these, but also more. For, it does present the history of the region’s past 50 years — in Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Cyprus and more — but it also talks about older history, which makes her writing colourful, interesting and informative.

And while not exactly an autobiography, Jansen’s destiny is intrinsically tied to that of the region she has made her home since 1962, and in the course of her telling the story of the area, one also finds out about her marriage to G.H. Jansen — a former columnist, like herself, for The Jordan Times, The Economist and others — the birth of her daughter Marya and her granddaughter Elise Elin, the death of her husband, about relatives and friends, about the fact that she is, also, twice a refugee, from Lebanon and from north Cyprus, and about people that touched her life one way or another, and that help inform the reader of her life just as an autobiography would.

Moving between countries and cities in pursuit of a story, she can be seen in all big Arab and European capitals, in smaller cities the world over touched by implacable events. 

When writing, she is pushed, she says, by a stream of thought that, when it starts to flow, “finds its own course among impressions and recollections, it zig-zags, goes backward and forward, up and down, gathering force until the mind forms pictures of people, events and happenings, relevant or irrelevant”. 

To the region’s readers, the words are all relevant; they can easily identify, and re-live, events, recognise personages and have their theories — at a time labelled conspiracy theories — confirmed by subsequent findings.

To those removed from the region, or ignorant of its mostly bloody events, Jansen’s writing could easily serve as credible information and point of reference, for she digs deep when writing a story and reports impartially.

In the book, however, the stories she wrote are at times concluded with wry humour or are followed by a moral that, after evidence had been gathered, delivers cutting indictment of the perpetrators of killings and destruction, of colonisers whose lack of scruples is responsible for the evils that befell the region, of the callous rulers whose dirty politics are based on vested interests, with not a thought for the masses of people that die, lose dear ones, their homes and countries as a result, of tyrant Arab dictators and weak, fickle Arab rulers.

From the depth of history through to our times, from Cairo east and west, the book talks about hope and despair, peace and war, Arab Spring and the desolation that followed it, the rise of extremist religious thought and groupings each more gruesome than the other, about loss of life, refugeedom, bombings and lies that led to them, about an Arab world divided by factionalism, religious thought, local and foreign leaders, a heart-rending story that is interspersed with glimmers of happier and better times, with good deeds, tolerance, generosity, real understanding of the problems in the region — often present in simple citizens whose views are of no interest to policy makers — and with descriptions of nature and archaeology that somehow mollify the anger elicited by the events.

Perhaps it is no accident that the book starts in Cairo. It is the birthplace of the Arab Spring, the standard bearer of political causes often emulated by other capitals.

Rises and falls of the political fortunes of kings and presidents in the Arab world, but also events in faraway places (from the US, through Europe, on to Iran and India), intifadas, oppression and unjust occupation, peace camps and war-bent, blood-thirsty leaders, rivalries, big events and small heroic deeds find their way in Jansen’s book. It is the make up of this region that rarely sees moments of peace and prosperity, described in minute detail by an eyewitness that exhibits no bitterness, no lamentation, just a faithful rendition of events as seen from her “window”.

The book encapsulates history and events — past and present — is populated by myriad characters — friends made in the course of a rich life, acquaintances, people in high places and of more modest standing. They all play a role, have something notable to say, are part of a vast tableau created by an accomplished storyteller with astute insight and a vast network of helpful individuals.

Hospitality, cuisines, rituals, archaeology and nature also find their way in her stories, bringing moments of normalcy in a topsy-turvy world devastated by wars, uprisings, tragic political interests and games whose victims are, in most cases, innocent people.

A quote by the author, from her Epilogue, perhaps best describes her credo and professional drive: “… once in a while one or other of us grabs a grand story, a story that tells us, and our readers something exceptional…. Hopefully, in these instances we write faithfully about the actors, their cause, and their dreams.”

Jansen did just that in this exceptional book, which can be purchased from the publisher.

 

 

When lust goes bust: addressing low sex drive in women

By , - Oct 14,2018 - Last updated at Oct 14,2018

Photo courtesy of Family Flavours magazine

Consultant Urological Surgeon and Consultant in Sexual Medicine

 

Many women excuse their low libido (sex drive) as part of the ageing process or due to changes in their bodies. But when your low libido starts interfering with your quality of life and puts a strain on your relationship, then it is time to seek professional help.

Loss of sexual desire or low libido in women is known medically as hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). HSDD is not uncommon. In fact, it affects 10 per cent of women. Sexual desire in women is multifaceted and requires a balanced neurohormonal system (there are a number of neurohormones and neurotransmitters that play an important role in regulating female sex behaviour). Compared to men, the emotional and psychological factors for women are often of greater importance for a healthy libido than the physiological factors. 

 

Symptoms associated with HSDD

 

If you have any of the following symptoms, especially if associated with anxiety, then you may suffer from HSDD: 

• Little to no interest in sexual activity

• Few to no sexual thoughts or fantasies 

• Disinterest in initiating sex

• Difficulty getting pleasure from sex

• Lack of pleasurable sensations when the genitals are stimulated

 

Causes of low sexual desire in women

 

Lack of sleep

 

I put this first because it is the most ignored cause of low libido, especially for new mothers with a newborn baby or a busy working mother, juggling work, kids and home. For women, more sleep leads to higher levels of sexual desire and better arousal the next day, according to 2015 study published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine. In fact, just one more hour of sleep was linked to a 14 per cent increase in the odds a woman would engage in sexual activity with a partner.

 

Medications

 

Many medications can lead to low sexual desire — the most common are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a widely used type of antidepressant medication, and some oral contraceptives. If you are on an SSRI antidepressant and you start suffering from low libido, speak to your psychiatrist to replace it with a non-SSRI antidepressant — my favourite is bupropion because it increases brain dopamine which is an important neurotransmitter for a healthy libido.

 

Medical diseases

 

Many health conditions are associated with loss of sexual desire, such as cancer, arthritis, diabetes, neurological disease and heart disease. All these can be associated with reduction in sex drive. HSDD affects 10 per cent of women.

 

Sexual problems

 

If you have pain during sex then this may lead to loss of interest in sex. Pain during sex has many causes (vaginal spasm, infection or vaginal dryness). Most of these issues can be treated easily so do not delay speaking to your doctor for advice.

 

Hormonal problems

 

Women are more sensitive to hormonal changes than men and hormonal imbalance can lead to loss of libido. The most common hormonal cause of loss of desire is menopause, when the level of testosterone drops. Because testosterone is the main hormone responsible for libido, interest in sex may drop. Plus, due to falling oestrogen levels, vaginal tissue becomes thinner and drier, resulting in painful sex. If a woman undergoes oophorectomy (ovary removal surgery), her levels of both oestrogen and progesterone plunge, resulting in early menopause and the same issues, mentioned above. Treatment in these cases involves testosterone replacement and local oestrogen therapy so you can still enjoy a healthy sex life with your partner. 

 

Relationship issues

 

For women especially, emotional closeness is essential for healthy sexual intimacy, so if you have relationship issues with your partner such as trust issues, lack of connection, frequent arguments or a history of infidelity, these will impact your sexual desire or lack of interest in engaging in sexual relations with your partner. Thus, communication is essential to mend the relationship. Do not hesitate to ask for advice from a relationship expert.

Psychological causes

 

Depression, poor body image, low self-esteem, history of sexual abuse and bad previous sexual experiences are all factors that can lead to loss of interest in intimate relations with your partner. As a sexual medicine expert, I find these causes very challenging to deal with, especially if the partners are not cooperating. I recommend a multidisciplinary team to deal with these cases, including psychologist, psychiatrist and a sexual health expert.

 

Treating HSDD

 

Science has failed in finding an effective pink Viagra but some progress has been made in recent years.

•Testosterone patches have been approved to treat low desire in women, especially during perimenopause 

• Addyi (filbnastrien) was approved two years ago in the United States as the first female libido enhancing pill but, unfortunately, the results in the clinical practice was not very impressive 

• Viagra, which is used for male erectile dysfunction, may help certain cases of HSDD as it enhances blood flow to the genital area and improves lubrication and genital engorgement

• Behavioural treatment includes sensate focus which is a series of intimate physical exercises we ask the couple to perform in stages that enhance connection and intimacy. Also, mindfulness is very helpful in treating low libido, especially if it is secondary to psychological factors

Low libido is a significant and common problem not to be ignored. The most important in dealing with this problem is open communication with your partner and seeking professional help when required.

 

 

Reprinted with permission from Family Flavours magazine

Some dietary supplements contain potentially harmful drugs

By - Oct 13,2018 - Last updated at Oct 13,2018

Photo courtesy of wordpress.com

Potentially harmful pharmaceuticals not listed on product labels were found in more than 700 over-the-counter dietary supplements, researchers report. 

The pharmaceuticals, which were found in so-called natural products, were most likely to appear in supplements marketed as weight loss aids, muscle builders and male libido enhancers, according to the report published in JAMA Network Open. 

Data for the study came from the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) was not Tainted Products Marketed as Dietary Supplements, Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research database. The researchers, led by Madhur Kumar of the California Department of Public Health in Sacramento, identified 776 tainted supplements in the database, from 2007 to 2016. 

To put the problem in perspective, the authors point to a study published in 2015 in The New England Journal of Medicine. That study found dietary supplement use was associated with 23,000 emergency department visits and 2,000 hospitalisations each year. 

Of the tainted products in the current study, 45.5 per cent were marketed as aids for sexual enhancement, 40.9 per cent for weight loss, and 11.9 per cent for muscle building. They contained pharmaceuticals such as sildenafil, which is the active ingredient in Viagra; sibutramine, which is the active ingredient in Meridia, a weight loss drug removed from the market because of links to stroke and other cardiovascular events; and anabolic steroids or steroid-like substances. 

Dr Louis Aronne was not at all surprised by the study’s findings. “This is something we’ve seen again and again and again,” said Aronne, a professor of metabolic research and director of the Comprehensive Weight Control Centre at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City. “There’s no evidence that over-the-counter products work for weight loss and the ones that do work seem to have a high risk of being what the FDA calls ‘adulterated,’” Aronne said. “They have prescription medications in them and that is why they work.” 

Another danger in these “adulterated” supplements is that “they can have a combination of many different agents that do similar things that add up to a pharmacologic effect”, Aronne said. Unfortunately, he added, “people want to believe these things work and have no side effects”. 

Tainted supplements are very hard to regulate, Aronne said, because they are often sold and marketed on the internet. 

What the California researchers reported “is just the tip of the iceberg”, Aronne said. A big part of the problem, he said, is that US laws allow a company “to say anything it wants and it’s up to the FDA and the Federal Trade Commission to stop it from saying it. In Canada the rules are different. Health Canada has to approve the claims that are on the label”. 

When it comes to supplements that promise to aid in weight loss, muscle gain or libido enhancement, “it’s the Wild West”, said Dr Lawrence Appel, director of the Welch Centre for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions in Baltimore. “There’s a huge amount of really, almost unregulated supplements.” 

Daniel Fabricant, CEO/President of the Natural Products Association, argues that most supplements are at least as safe as medications approved by the FDA. The products reported in the new study “aren’t dietary supplements”, Fabricant said. “They are drugs masquerading as supplements. We support prosecution of criminal activity whether it’s illegal drugs coming into our country or illegal drugs in supplements.” 

Supplement safety is monitored by the same kind of adverse event reporting system that keeps track of medications after they are approved by the FDA, said Fabricant, who is a former director of the division of dietary supplement programmes at the FDA. 

Fabricant offered some advice on how to avoid tainted supplements. 

“There are some red flags,” he said. “If it sounds too good to be true, it is too good to be true. If it’s promising great weight loss gains, or great strength gains or it says it’s comparable to Viagra, that’s a red flag. And look out for products that have labels in dual languages.” 

The California Department of Public Health would not make the authors available for comment. 

Nail polishes often claim falsely to be safe

By - Oct 11,2018 - Last updated at Oct 11,2018

AFP photo

Although nail polish manufacturers have begun removing some toxic ingredients, their labels are not always accurate and the reformulated products aren’t necessarily safer, suggests a new study. 

“We were trying to learn more about what ingredients were in nail polish, and the more we dug deep into the labels, the more confused I was about the health claims, which I knew would be confusing for consumers and nail salon workers, too,” said lead author Anna Young of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston. 

In the 2000s, nail polish manufacturers started phasing out three particularly toxic chemicals: Formaldehyde, toluene and dibutyl phthalate (DnBP). They would label these formulations as “3-free”. However, many of these products replaced those chemicals with another plasticiser, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), which has since been shown to be potentially toxic as well. 

The European Union banned DnBP in cosmetics in 2004, Young’s team notes in Environmental Science and Technology. 

The US Food and Drug Administration requires ingredient labels on nail polishes but doesn’t require products to be tested for safety before entering the market, the researchers add. In addition, certain chemicals such as phthalates can be listed as “fragrance” due to trade secret concerns. 

“It’s a chemical Whack-a-Mole,” Young said in a phone interview. “That’s especially important for nail salon workers because some of these toxins are linked to complications with fertility, thyroid issues, obesity and cancer.” 

Young and colleagues measured the concentrations of 22 plasticisers in 40 nail polish samples to compare the label to actual ingredients. 

The samples included different colours, finishes and top coats, and the researchers analysed them for 12 phthalate and 10 organophosphate plasticisers. 

Among the samples were 11 different “n-free” labels, ranging from “3-free” to “13-free”. All of the samples included significant levels of at least one plasticiser, and most contained at least five of the 22 ingredients studied. The “5-free” to “13-free” samples had lower levels in general than unlabelled or “3-free” samples, the study team notes. 

TPHP, which is used as a plasticiser and flame retardant in a number of consumer products, was found in 40 per cent of the samples. It was detected in 12 of the 27 products that did not list it as an ingredient. 

The research team was pleased to find that DnBP wasn’t in any of the samples, and TPHP seemed to be in lower concentrations than reported in previous studies. 

At the same time, the products with lower TPHP levels tended to have higher levels of didiethylhexyl phthalate, a hormone-disrupting chemical and possible carcinogen that was banned from cosmetics in the EU at the same time as DnBP, the authors note. 

Overall, Young’s team concludes that label contents can be defined differently by different brands, the ingredient exclusions are usually not validated by a third party, and new label types are often not consistent with the preceding labels in terms of what ingredients are excluded. 

“It’s important for consumers to understand that ‘n-free’ can mean different things to different companies,” said Heather Stapleton of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, who wasn’t involved in the study.

“More research is warranted to understand the exposure levels that consumers are receiving,” Stapleton said in an e-mail. “It’s important to know what these labels mean and how they relate to chemical exposure.”

Technology wants you to trust it completely, blindly

By - Oct 11,2018 - Last updated at Oct 11,2018

It is a bit like the consequences of global warming. It was bound to happen one day and now it is happening faster than expected. Information Technology has reached a point where it wants you to trust it, blindly, completely, or else.

It is a very big subject, impossible to discuss in a few lines and we are only at the threshold of what is about to happen. The phenomenon is taking place, mainly in two major fields, and somewhat in parallel: When using computers and networks — at home or at work, and when driving automobiles.

The idea is to have computers (or tablets, or smartphones…) on which very little software is installed and that merely serve to connect you to the web where everything is there, including of course your personal data. Even companies and enterprises, however large or important they may be, will not have physical servers or Windows Server operating systems anymore. Everything, and there is a strong stress on the word “everything” here, is going to be web or cloud based.

The advantages are many and overwhelming. No more fear for data loss, drastically reduced cost of owning and running equipment, of maintenance and of IT staff. Assurance that everything is always updated and backed up. The disadvantages also are overwhelming. Very few control on how things work. And in the case of intentional damage the consequences just cannot be measured. In short, the limited amount of control we still have on devices will be reduced to the bare minimum.

The automotive industry is also going in this direction, essentially of course because the technical progress in information technology applied to cars is allowing it. By leaving very little if anything to the “driver” to do, by taking full control, automated cars will do to us what the web already is doing to our smartphones.

At the most basic level, we can perhaps think of the ABS, the anti-lock braking system that we now take for granted and that is in every car. From the purely technical point of view ABS applies brakes the way it wants to, not the way you want to — to avoid skidding, granted, but still. So imagine all the new high-tech functionality that is now being fit into cars and that will take most decisions in your place. French manufacturer Peugeot has just shown this month a new model that scans, recognises road signs and that automatically makes the vehicle to comply!

Just like taking full control of computer servers, networks, software and data, automated vehicles will come with significant advantages. We already have a foretaste of that with predictive braking, various types of warnings, and maps guidance. They will also and most likely help to reduce accidents and will relieve drivers from a large number of tasks. But again, it will all be about giving up control and blindly trusting the machines, the system, and all the IT and the “computerised stuff” in it.

Those who are familiar with technology, very close to it, and who usually adopt a pragmatic approach will tell you that passengers’ airliners already behave like the cars of the very near future. Most everything is fully automated in the sky and trusting technology completely, absolutely, is the only way to go.

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