GAZA STRIP, Palestinian Territories — Bombed-out neighbourhoods, mass graves dug in the sand, spreading hunger and disease — as the bloodiest ever Gaza war nears 100 days, besieged Palestinians have endured ever new horrors.
More than three months of Israeli bombardment have taken a gruelling toll on Gaza's 2.4 million people, most of whom have had to flee their homes.
"It has felt like 100 years," said Abdul Aziz Saadat, who is among the flood of displaced Palestinians whose number the UN puts at 1.9 million, and who now lives in the densely crowded southern Gaza city of Rafah.
"Some are living in schools, some on the streets, on the floors, others are sleeping on benches," Saadat said in the city where many families now shelter in makeshift tents against the winter cold.
"The war has not spared anyone."
At least 23,357 people have been killed in the fighting, the majority of them women and children, according to the Hamas health ministry — or almost 1 per cent of the population.
The war will reach the 100-day mark on Sunday, with no end in sight.
Many thousands of strikes have rained down on the long-blockaded and densely populated Mediterranean coastal strip, cratering crowded urban areas and pancaking multistorey residential buildings.
Much of northern Gaza has been reduced to a dusty wasteland and largely depopulated as Israeli troops and tanks have churned through it in a ground invasion from October 27 in which 186 soldiers have been killed.
Gaza hospitals, schools, universities and places of worship have been hit.
Entire neighbourhoods that once bustled with people, cars and donkey-drawn carts have been devastated in large-scale bombing starkly revealed in aerial photography.
“It’s just so widespread,” said Jamon Van Den Hoek, an associate professor at Oregon State University who has been mapping the impact through satellite radar.
“It’s really unprecedented in the speed of the damage.”
Between 45 and 56 per cent of Gaza’s buildings had been damaged or destroyed by January 5, according to research he has conducted with Corey Scher at the City University of New York.
“The extent of damage that we’ve recovered or detected in Gaza only compares to the most severely hit areas in Ukraine,” said Scher.
The researchers said their figures may be higher than data from satellite imagery, as radar can pick up not just a bird’s eye view but also damage to the sides of buildings.
A United Nations Satellite Centre assessment, which covered just the first 50 days of the war, found around 18 per cent of Gaza structures had already been destroyed or damaged.
The war has also taken a toll on Gaza’s ancient heritage, including centuries-old buildings in its historic centre, a web of narrow lanes which thrived with market traders and gold merchants before the war.
UNESCO said it was “gravely concerned” and stressed that “cultural property is civilian infrastructure, and as such must neither be targeted nor used for military purposes”.
‘Blood, chaos and mayhem’
For now, the main battle for Gazans is just to survive.
AFP journalists have seen mass graves dug in orchards, hospital yards and even a football field.
Corpses retrieved from collapsed buildings have been transported by bulldozers and piled up in hospital morgues.
Gazans have spoken of being unable to retrieve decomposing bodies from the streets for fear of being killed themselves.
Hospitals are places of “blood on the floor, chaos and mayhem”, said Rik Peeperkorn, the World Health Organisation’s representative for the Palestinian territories.
Surgeons have operated without anaesthetic and by the light of smartphones.
Of Gaza’s 36 hospitals, only 15 are still partially functioning, the latest UN figures show. Some have been raided by Israeli forces.
The outlook is bleak for patients, among them around 60,000 war-wounded.
“I’ve never witnessed so many amputations in my life among adults, among children,” said Peeperkorn.
‘People are starving’
Most of the homeless are crowded around Rafah in the far south as the main battlefront, now around Khan Yunis, moves ever closer.
Sanitary conditions are dire and people scramble for food brought in by occasional aid trucks from Egypt.
“We lost hope,” said one of the displaced, Ibrahim Saadat. “We shower just once a month... diseases have spread everywhere.”
The UN children’s agency reported 71,000 diarrhoea cases in a single week in December.
Most farming and fishing has stopped, bakeries have run out of fuel, and shop shelves are bare.
The World Food Programme’s regional director Corinne Fleischer said “I’ve never seen such a massive food gap” and that “people are already starving”.
Outside a tent in Rafah, Hadeel Shehata, 23, lamented the fate of Gazan children who haven’t been to school for months.
“It was all for nothing — everything is lost,” Shehata said.
“We lost all of our dreams.”
