Region

LONDON — Britain and Iran on Thursday officially resumed diplomatic relations which were severed by London after students stormed its Tehran embassy in November 2011.

“The UK has agreed with Iran that from today bilateral relations will be conducted directly through non-resident charge d’affaires and officials,” a Foreign Office spokesman told AFP.

Britain had ordered the closure of Iran’s embassy in London after shuttering its own in Tehran when hundreds of Islamist students stormed the compound.

The students — protesting against Western sanctions over Tehran’s disputed nuclear programme — ransacked the building as well as the ambassador’s residence in north Tehran.

Since then, the Swedish embassy in Tehran has represented Britain’s interests there, while the Omani embassy in London has done the same for Iran.

The Foreign Office spokesman said: “We will no longer have formal protecting power arrangements in place. This is the next stage of the step-by-step process of taking forward our bilateral relationship with Iran.”

As regards reopening Britain’s embassy in Tehran, he said no decision had been taken.

“We have made it clear that the issue of compensation [for the damage caused] needs to be addressed,” the spokesman said.

A pristine Iranian flag was flying Thursday outside its embassy in the plush Prince’s Gate terrace overlooking London’s Hyde Park, for the first time in more than two years.

The London embassy was officially open again for the first time since 2011 but is not yet operational as no diplomats have been allocated yet.

The six-storey terrace was the scene of the 1980 Iranian embassy siege, when six gunmen stormed the building, taking hostages. It ended five days later with a British special forces raid.

Around 400,000 Iranians live in Britain.

DUBAI — Emirati security authorities have allowed all passengers on an Etihad Airways flight that had suspicious lavatory fires to leave after several were temporarily detained for questioning by police, the airline said Thursday.

Passengers on board the Boeing 777-300ER flight from Melbourne, Australia, to the United Arab Emirates capital of Abu Dhabi said Tuesday’s fires sent smoke into the cabin and appeared to have been deliberately set.

Smoke was detected in two toilets after takeoff from Melbourne on Monday, prompting a precautionary diversion to Jakarta, Indonesia, and again in a toilet as the plane made its way to its destination of Abu Dhabi, according to the government-backed airline.

None of the 254 passengers and crew was removed from the flight in Indonesia. Several passengers said that decision was unnerving given the fears that the fires were started by someone on board.

Twelve people were detained upon arrival in Abu Dhabi as authorities investigated the case. A young woman who had attracted the suspicions of some passengers was among those initially detained, witnesses said.

“The real story is: Who was the idiot woman trying to burn a plane down, and why,” passenger Mark Sinclair, 45, said by e-mail. “She should be in jail for a very long time.”

The 12 passengers held for additional questioning were offered hotel accommodation but opted to stay together and were kept in the airline’s first-class lounge, according to Etihad. It said consular officials from Australia, the United Kingdom and Ireland visited them.

By Thursday morning, all had been allowed to continue on their journeys.

“In the absence of any conclusive incriminating evidence, no arrests have been made at this time,” the airline said in an e-mailed statement.

Etihad described the investigation as ongoing, and said it is cooperating with authorities.

“We have a zero-tolerance policy in respect to people who threaten the safety and security of passengers and crew or our aircraft,” the airline said.

Officials at the Abu Dhabi police department, which is leading the probe, could not be reached for comment.

The UAE’s aviation regulator, the General Civil Aviation Authority, said it is involved in the investigation and confirmed that no arrests have been made.

Australia’s Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) said Thursday that responsibility for any safety investigation resides with the regulator in the UAE. Any security issues would be investigated by national security agencies, CASA spokesman Peter Gibson said.

CASA expects to be notified of the results of any safety investigation because Etihad has approval to fly into Australia.

“If it involves any safety issues, we would expect to receive some information from Etihad in due course,” Gibson said.

Etihad is the UAE’s national carrier and is based in Abu Dhabi. It and Gulf competitors Emirates and Qatar Airways have been rapidly expanding their operations in recent years, turning their desert bases into major intercontinental transit hubs.

Its Australian destinations are Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney. It also has a minority stake in Virgin Australia.

TRIPOLI — Libyans trickled to the polls on Thursday to elect an assembly to draft a constitution, with the paltry turnout reflecting deep political disillusion with the chaos pervading Libya since Muammar Qadhifi’s 42-year rule ended in 2011.

Only 360,000 people had cast ballots by the late afternoon, the election commission said, out of one million who had registered to vote — a number far lower than the three million who had registered before the 2012 parliamentary election.

Live footage from Libyan television cameras in some main polling stations showed mostly empty rooms.

Dawn explosions rocked five polling stations in the eastern town of Derna, an Islamist stronghold, but no one was hurt.

Gunmen forced one Derna voting centre to shut by firing in the air and shouting “voting is haram [forbidden]”, an election official said. Derna polling stations stayed shut and insecurity prevented some voting centres in two other towns from opening.

Nobody claimed responsibility for the Derna attacks but residents said the bombers had scrawled “There is no constitution but Islamic law” on a wall near the scene of one blast, suggesting radical Islamists were responsible.

Prime Minister Ali Zeidan’s government is struggling to assert its authority over militias which helped topple Qadhafi but kept their weapons and have become major political players.

Two of the strongest militias threatened on Tuesday to dissolve the General National Congress (GNC), the interim parliament, accusing it of paralysing Libya with its endless infighting.

Libya desperately needs a viable government and system of rule so that it can focus on reconstruction and on healing the divisions exposed by the NATO-backed campaign against Qadhafi.

Soldiers guarded polling stations in the capital Tripoli, as helicopters circled overhead. In the eastern city of Benghazi, gunmen threw a bag full of explosives into a voting centre, but the devices did not go off, a security source said.

“God willing, this is the starting point for democracy and freedom, which is what we came for,” Hatem Al Majri said as he voted in Benghazi.

Berber boycott

The 60-strong constitutional committee, drawn equally from Libya’s three regions of Tripolitania in the west, Cyrenaica in the east and Fezzan in the south, will have 120 days to draft the charter.

Libya used a similar model for the committee that drafted a pre-Qadhafi constitution that was implemented when the country, then a monarchy, gained independence in 1951.

The new document’s authors will need to take into account political and tribal rivalries, as well as demands for more autonomy for the east, when deciding what political system Libya will adopt. Their draft will be put to a referendum.

In the east, armed protesters have occupied major oil ports since the summer to demand a greater share of energy wealth and political autonomy, crippling vital oil exports. The protest group has dismissed Thursday’s vote as fake.

The election was also boycotted by the Amazigh, or Berber, minority which lives in the west near oil installations.

Its leader, Ibrahim Makhlouf, has rejected the vote because the Amazigh wanted a bigger say in the body and guarantees that their tongue will become one of Libya’s official languages.

In the past, Amazigh have backed their demands by blockading oil installations such as the Mellitah oil and gas complex, co-owned by Italy’s ENI, as well as pipelines.

Attempts to write a constitution have been delayed by political infighting in the GNC, elected in July 2012 for an 18-month term in Libya’s first free poll in nearly 50 years.

The GNC agreed this week to hold elections this year after an outcry over its plan to extend its mandate beyond February 7.

Qadhafi ostensibly ruled Libya under a bizarre set of laws prescribed in his Green Book. In practice he and his family ran a totalitarian state where no political opposition was tolerated and rival tribes were paid off or played off against each other.

VIENNA — Six world powers and Iran made a “good start” in talks in Vienna towards reaching a final settlement in the decade-old stand-off over Tehran’s nuclear programme, but conceded their plan to get a deal in the coming months was very ambitious.

By late July, Western governments hope to hammer out an accord that would lay to rest their suspicions that Iran is seeking the capability to make a nuclear bomb, an aim it denies, while Tehran wants a lifting of economic sanctions.

Wide differences remain on how this could be achieved, although the two sides said on Thursday they agreed during meetings this week in the Austrian capital on an agenda and timetable for the talks on such an accord.

“We have had three very productive days during which we have identified all of the issues we need to address in reaching a comprehensive and final agreement,” European Union foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton told reporters.

“There is a lot to do. It won’t be easy but we have made a good start,” said Ashton, who speaks on behalf of the United States, Russia, China, France, Britain and Germany.

Senior diplomats from the six nations, as well as Ashton and Iran’s Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, will meet again on March 17, also in Vienna, and have a series of further discussions ahead of the July deadline.

Tehran denies that its nuclear programme has any latent military purposes and has signalled repeatedly it would resist dismantling its nuclear installations as part of any deal.

“I can assure you that no one had, and will have, the opportunity to impose anything on Iran during the talks,” Zarif told reporters after the Vienna meeting.

A senior US official who asked not to identified cautioned that their exchanges would be “difficult” but the sides were committed to reach a deal soon.

“This will be a complicated, difficult and lengthy process. We will take the time required to do it right,” the official said. “We will continue to work in a deliberate and concentrated manner to see if we can get that job done.”

As part of the diplomatic process, Ashton will go to Tehran for talks on March 9-10.

A diplomatic source clarified that the two sides did not produce a text of the agreed framework for future negotiations or detailed agenda for upcoming meetings, rather only agreeing a broad range of subjects to be addressed in coming months.

While modest in scope, the arrangement is an early step forward in the elusive search for a settlement that could ward off the danger of a wider war in the Middle East, reshape the regional power balance and open up big new trade opportunities with Iran, an oil-producing market of 76 million people.

For Iran, a halt to sanctions imposed by the United States, European governments and the United Nations, would end years of isolation and lift its battered economy.

Vast differences

The six powers’ overarching goal is to extend the time Iran would need to make enough fissile material and assemble equipment for a nuclear bomb, and to make such a move easier to detect before it became a fait accompli.

They will want to cap uranium enrichment at a low fissile concentration, limit research and development of new nuclear equipment, decommission a substantial portion of Iran’s centrifuges used to refine uranium and allow more intrusive UN non-proliferation inspections.

The Vienna talks followed a groundbreaking interim accord between Iran and the six powers in November under which Tehran suspended higher-level enrichment until late July in return for limited relief from sanctions.

That deal was made possible by the election of relative moderate President Hassan Rouhani, replacing bellicose hardliner Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, a last year on a platform of rebuilding the OPEC member state’s foreign relations.

Iran’s unfinished heavy water Arak reactor, which could yield plutonium for bombs, and its underground Fordow uranium enrichment site will be among key sticking points in the talks.

“We have begun to see some areas of agreement as well as areas in which we will have to work though very difficult issues,” the senior US official said.

The official declined to respond specifically to Iran’s suggestions that its ballistic missile programme, which the West worries could be a way to deliver an atomic bomb to its target, would not be up for negotiation.

“All of the issues of concern to the international community regarding Iran’s nuclear programme are on the table,” the official said. “And all of our concerns must be met in order to get a comprehensive agreement ... Nothing is agreed until everything is agreed.”

Iranian ballistic missile work is banned under UN Security Council sanctions targeting the nuclear programme.

Zarif said, according to the official IRNA news agency: “Nothing except Iran’s nuclear activities will be discussed in the talks with the [six powers], and we have agreed on it.”

A US delegation will be visiting Israel and Saudi Arabia shortly to discuss the negotiations with Iran, the US official. Both countries are upset about signs of a possible Western rapprochement with their common adversary.

BEIRUT — A powerful explosion ripped through a Syrian border post Thursday near a refugee camp on the border with Turkey, setting cars ablaze and killing at least five people, Syrian opposition activists and Turkish state media said.

The blast believed to have been caused by a car bomb tore through the Bab Al Salama border crossing, also wounding a large number of people who were taken to hospitals in the Turkish town of Kilis across the border. Thousands of people have fled from Aleppo through the border crossing in recent weeks because of the government’s escalated aerial bombardment there.

The exact number of casualties was not immediately clear.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said at least five people were killed, adding that the number was likely to be larger due to the number of wounded people in critical condition.  Nazeer Al Khatib, an activist in Aleppo, said nine people were killed in the car bombing, citing eyewitnesses in the area. Many others were in critical condition, he said.

Turkey’s state-run Anadolu news agency, meanwhile, reported that the explosion killed at least 10 people.

An online video uploaded by activists showed people ferrying casualties, including a young boy, away from the flames as ambulances rushed to the scene. The video appeared genuine and consistent with The Associated Press reporting on the incident.

The Bab Al Salama crossing is controlled by rivals of Al Qaeda breakaway group, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The two sides have engaged in deadly infighting as Al Qaeda splinter group has sought to take over control of the crossing.

Also on Thursday, the relief agency supporting Palestinian refugees resumed food distribution inside the rebel-held district of the Syrian capital that has suffered from crippling shortages of food and medicine for months, a United Nations spokesman said.

The UNRWA announcement comes as Western and Arab nations supporting a UN Security Council resolution demanding immediate access across Syria to deliver desperately needed humanitarian aid called for a vote on the measure this week, even though diplomats say Russia is opposed to key provisions.

Chris Gunness, a spokesman for the UN agency that administers Palestinian refugee camps around the Middle East, said in a statement that the Syrian government granted access for relief workers to enter Yarmouk on Wednesday after an 11-day halt. He said 280 families received food parcels on Wednesday and that workers are preparing to deliver more food to about 18,000 Yarmouk residents on Thursday.

The Yarmouk refugee camp, located in southern Damascus, is one of the hardest-hit opposition enclaves that have been under tight blockades imposed by forces loyal to President Bashar Assad. More than 100 people have died in Yarmouk since mid-2013 as a result of starvation and illnesses exacerbated by hunger or lack of medical aid, according to UN figures.

Supporters of the UN aid resolution said the document had been put in its final form late Wednesday, with a vote likely on Friday. It is unclear whether Moscow will veto the resolution or abstain from the vote.

Russia is supporting Assad’s government in Syria’s nearly three-year-old conflict. The United States and its allies in Europe and the Persian Gulf are backing most of the opposition that is fighting to oust Assad.

The uprising started as peaceful protests against Assad’s rule. It gradually turned into civil war that has increasingly been fought along sectarian lines, pitting predominantly Sunni Muslim rebels against Assad’s government that is dominated by Alawites, a sect in Shiite Islam.

The UN refugee agency said Thursday that it plans to send its largest aid shipment yet to Syria, with more than 43 shipping containers full of relief supplies. The shipment from Dubai in the United Arab Emirates will travel through the Suez Canal before landing in Tartous, Syria, in about two weeks, UNHCR Senior Logistics officer Soliman Daud said.

He declined to say where the aid would be distributed once in Syria, but said the UNHCR is working with partners on the ground such as the Syrian Red Crescent in the western part of the country.

The shipment which includes jerry cans, sleeping mats, blankets and kitchen utensil sets is intended to help up to 187,500 people inside parts of the war-torn country.

“I’m quite sure the need is bigger than what we will send,” Daud told the AP in Dubai.

Also on Thursday, Syrian war planes carried out a series of air strikes on rebel positions outside the southern city of Quinetra as heavy fighting between government troops and rebels raged in the area, activists said.

The Syrian army has been reinforcing its positions in Quinetra as part of an effort to dislodge rebels from the area that is near the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights.