Business

AMMAN — Arab Bank Group posted $668.9 million in net income after tax for the first nine months of 2019 compared to $643.2 million in the same period last year, recording a 4 per cent increase, according to a statement of the group. 

Its net income before tax grew by 6 per cent to $912 million with its net operating income reaching $1,040 million and recording a 5 per cent growth, according to the statement.

Sabih Masri, chairman of the Board of Directors said the strong operating performance of the Arab Bank Group attests to its strength, locally and abroad with its wide geographical diversification.

The Arab Bank has recently opened a new branch in Shanghai to strengthen its footprint in the Chinese market within its global network which includes about 600 branches across five continents, he added.

Nemeh Sabbagh, chief executive officer, explained that the underlying performance of the group has helped it to maintain its growth, leading to sound results. 

Strong performance was driven by growth in core banking income with net interest income increasing by 5 per cent. Total loans increased by 3 per cent to reach $26.1, and deposits increased by 4 per cent to reach $34.7 billion, he said, according to the statement.

WASHINGTON — White-hot panic about global trade may have eased a bit in recent weeks, but the economic outlook is no easier to call for the US Federal Reserve as it prepares for a meeting on interest rates this week.

While the United States and China declared another truce and odds fell that Britain will crash out of the European Union, any improvements are as liable to be suddenly dashed as lead to success.

Amid the uncertainty, Fed policymakers appear ready to approve the third interest rate cut in a row as they grow more worried about the future, some daring even to use the dreaded word “recession”.

Fed Chairman Jerome Powell this month reiterated his pledge to do what it takes to keep the US economy afloat. 

In a recent speech, his number two, Vice Chairman Richard Clarida, pointed to global growth estimates that “continue to be marked down”.

Both are signals more help is likely on the way. While some economists question whether another move would be necessary or effective, the two-day meeting on Tuesday and Wednesday is held amid increasing signs central bankers are on edge.

In a London speech, James Bullard, the St Louis Fed’s aggressively dovish president, displayed a forecast chart bathed in red, reflecting more downward revisions to the growth projections for the United States, the euro area, Britain and China.

“The key risk is that this slowing may be sharper than anticipated,” he told a conference of central bankers.

Minutes of the Fed’s policy meeting last month said a “clearer picture” is emerging of how the trade war could drive the US into a downturn.

Lost export markets, weak demand and uncertainty could lead to a drawn-out slump in business investment, threatening hiring, consumer spending and the wider economy, according to the meeting’s minutes.

That cautious sentiment is apparent in comments from many American businesses in the Fed’s “beige book” report, and corporate earnings this month have confirmed it: Ford, Boeing, Caterpillar and 3M have all said revenues suffered from falling sales in China.

The result: Futures markets overwhelmingly predict Powell will announce another cut in the benchmark borrowing rate on Wednesday in light of the darkening economic picture.

A ‘Red Bull’ economy 

American consumers have been the star of the show this year, bearing the economy on their shoulders like Atlas while manufacturing, agriculture, business investment and exports have all withered.

But recent data have been a tad grim there too: Annual consumption growth in August was the weakest in eight months, retail sales sank in September along with consumer confidence as word of looming tariffs spread.

So are we headed for a recession?

Not clear, economists say.

“As I’ve said in the past, this is a Red Bull economy. If you’re a big, strong lunk, you can take a lot of caffeine and power through,” Adam Posen, president of Peterson Institute for International Economics, told reporters.

“Even if at some point you’re going to crash, and even if at some point you’re raising your odds of a heart attack, the odds are still small,” he added.

“The US can, with bad fiscal policy and extreme measures, keep going.”

Some voices on the Fed also say more rate cuts are not necessary, and could create more dangers.

The normally dovish Charles Evans of the Chicago Fed said this month that interest rate policy is already “in a good place” as it is.

Both Esther George of Kansas City and Eric Rosengren of Boston have resisted the last two rate cuts, warning that keeping rates low for too long comes at a cost, encouraging corporate America’s dangerous debt binge, and threatening to make an eventual economic downturn even more destructive.

Meanwhile, with unemployment at half-century lows, consumers should be able to go on spending. 

“My own outlook for the economy does not call for a monetary policy response,” George said in a speech — but she noted that her view could change if consumer spending weakens further.

Economist Joel Naroff cautioned that the Fed might not be able to do anything to counteract Trump’s trade war.

“The simple reality is that interest rates are not going to solve the problem that’s causing the risks,” he told AFP.

“If they implement a 25 per cent tariff on Chinese goods, zero per cent [interest rate] is not going to help,” he added.

“Interest rates do not solve political problems”.

WASHINGTON — America's budget deficit rose to nearly $1 trillion in the 2019 fiscal year as government borrowing swelled, the US Treasury said on Friday.

The fourth straight year of broadening budget gaps underscored a new tolerance for yawning fiscal imbalances in the current political era. 

Republican lawmakers' oft-stated fears of weak fiscal discipline under the prior administration have fallen by the wayside and trillion-dollar annual deficits look set to become a new normal.

The persistent increase in government borrowing also runs counter to President Donald Trump's campaign pledges in 2016 to eliminate or at least significantly reduce America's $19 trillion debt load.

The fiscal 2019 deficit jumped by 26 per cent to $984 billion, the highest since 2012, as spending outstripped tax receipts in the wake of the 2017 Republican-led tax cuts, according to the Treasury.

Tariffs imposed in Trump's multi-front trade confrontations also rose to a record $30 billion in the year ending September 30.

"President Trump's economic agenda is working", Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin said in a statement, calling on lawmakers to cut "wasteful and irresponsible spending".

The increase in the deficit paled in comparison to those recorded during and after the Great Recession of 2007 to 2009. 

More than health care 

But unlike that era, the current stretched fiscal reality coincides with a record economic expansion now in its 11th year.

With the economy growing, the government took in more money from workers, importers and companies, who paid $3.5 trillion in taxes, about four per cent more than in 2018.

But spending grew twice as fast, rising 8.2 per cent to $4.5 trillion, driven higher by rising interest on existing public debts, defence spending and outlays for social safety net programmes like Medicare and Social Security.

Borrowing from the public swelled to 79.1 per cent of GDP for the year, up from 77.5 per cent in the year before.

The 2019 fiscal year's deficit put Washington on a path to exceed forecasts from the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office, which in February said budget gaps should surpass $1 trillion beginning in 2022.

Mnuchin repeatedly argued that the sweeping cuts to corporate and personal income taxes in 2017 would spur economic growth, boosting tax receipts and help the tax cuts pay for themselves.

More recently, however, the White House has emphasised other priorities, with the president saying a stronger military is more important than a balanced budget.

The United States has run budget deficits every year since the late 1990s, an era which immediately preceded the 2001 terrorist attacks and the ensuing wars and recessions.

While interest rates have remained low in the last decade, the costs of US borrowing are rising. Interest on public debts paid by the Treasury in 2019 rose nearly 10 per cent to $572.8 billion.

That handily surpassed the $409.4 billion in federal spending on Medicaid, the health insurance programme covering scores of millions of low-income Americans.

PARIS — French media firms said on Thursday that they would drag Google before the country's competition regulator over its refusal to pay for displaying their content in search results, setting up a legal fight over a new EU copyright law.

The APIG press alliance, which groups dozens of national and regional newspapers, said it would also press the French government to take action against the US Internet giant.

"We are outraged," said Jean-Michel Baylet, APIG president and chief executive of the Depeche du Midi newspaper in southern France.

"Nobody can flout the law, but that's what Google is doing," he said. "The future of the French and European press is at stake."

International news agency Agence France-Presse (AFP), which is not a member of the alliance, said it was preparing a separate complaint.

France in July became the first country to ratify an EU copyright law which was passed this year and came into force on Thursday to ensure publishers are compensated when their work is displayed online.

The new rules create so-called neighbouring rights to ensure a form of copyright protection for media firms when their content is used on websites such as search engines or social media platforms.

But Google says articles, pictures and videos will be shown in search results only if media firms consent to let the tech giant use them for free.

If they refuse, only a headline and a bare link to the content will appear, Google said, almost certainly resulting in a loss of visibility and potential ad revenue for the publisher.

 'Act of force' 

"This is an act of force from Google," said Pierre Louette, CEO of Les Echos-Le Parisien media group, accusing the company of trying to "circumvent" the law.

"Google is offering us a choice between amputating our [Internet] traffic, which will prevent readers from finding us or accessing our sites via its search engine, and amputating our rights," he told AFP.

The company rejected the claims in a statement to AFP, saying: "Google helps Internet users find news content from many sources and the results are always based on relevance, not trade agreements."

The company insisted that "publishers have never had so many choices about how their content is displayed on Google", and reiterated that it would "not remove them from the search engine nor change the way it assesses the relevance" of search results.

"The law does not impose a fee for posting links, and European news publishers already derive significant value from the eight billion visits they receive each month from Internet users who do searches on Google," it said.

News publishers have said these links do not help them cope with plummeting revenues as readers migrate online from traditional media outlets.

 'Untenable' 

More than 1,000 journalists, photographers, filmmakers and media CEOs signed an open letter published in newspapers across Europe this week urging governments to ensure that Google and other Internet or social media firms comply with the new EU rule.

Their letter described Google's move as an insult to national and European sovereignty.

"The existing situation, in which Google enjoys most of the advertising revenue generated by the news that it rakes in without any payment, is untenable and has plunged the media into a crisis that is deepening each year," it said.

The presidents of the European Alliance of News Agencies and the European Newspaper Publishers' Association also signed the letter.

French President Emmanuel Macron has said Google must comply with the law, which EU member states are obliged to translate into domestic legislation by June 2021.

"Google is making a big mistake," Digital Affairs Minister Cedric O said Thursday. "It is not up to companies to decide the law and spirit of the law."

Google said it would be available to answer any questions to the competition authority.

SOCHI, Russia — President Vladimir Putin said on Wednesday that Russia would aim to double trade with Africa over the next five years, at the opening of a summit aimed at reviving Moscow’s ties with the continent.

“We currently export to Africa $25 billion worth of food — which is more than we export in arms, at $15 billion. In the next four to five years, I think we should be able to double this trade, at least,” he told African leaders at the Black Sea resort of Sochi.

“In Africa, there are very many potential partners with good prospects.”

Putin said the current level of trade between Moscow and the continent was “not enough”. 

“African countries are attracting ever more attention from Russian businesses,” the president added, highlighting a number of major Russian companies that were already working on the continent. 

Dozens of African leaders are in Sochi for the first Russia-Africa Summit, as Moscow seeks greater influence on a continent where the West and China have a firm foothold.

The two-day event will see more than 3,000 delegates prepare deals and discuss topics from nuclear technology to mineral extraction.

DOHA — Qatar announced on Tuesday a major expansion of its Hamad International Airport, almost doubling the number of visitors it can receive as the Gulf state prepares to host the 2022 World Cup.

Work on the first phase of the expansion is scheduled to start next year and be completed two years later, expanding capacity from 35 million to 53 million passengers, annually.

The second phase is due to be completed after 2022 and will enable the airport, inaugurated in 2014, to handle up to 60 million passengers per year.

The decision to revamp the only international airport in gas-rich Qatar comes despite a fall in the number of tourists visiting the emirate as a result of a two-year boycott mounted by neighbouring countries.

"The expansion... is a vital part of the future success of the Qatar Airways group, and of course of the country's preparations to host the 2022 World Cup and beyond," said the carrier's CEO Akbar Al Baker.

The cost of the expansion project was not revealed.

Qatar has been under a land, air and sea embargo since June 2017 by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, as well as Egypt, over its alleged support of radical groups.

Doha has categorically denied the accusations.

London-based Capital Economics said last month that the number of visitors to Qatar had dropped by 20 per cent from pre-boycott levels "reflecting weak arrivals from the rest of the Gulf".

In the first year of the blockade, flights to Doha dived 25 per cent and Qatar Airways flights sank 20 per cent, according to Capital Economics.

Qatar Airways reported last month that it posted $639 million in losses in the fiscal year ending in March, attributing the loss to closure of some major destinations.

To ward off the impact of the boycott, Qatar implemented an economic diversification plan and opened Hamad Port last year to boost trade and facilitate export-import services.

Qatar on Tuesday opened a new temporary passenger terminal at Doha Port, as it works to increase the number of cruise ships making calls in the Gulf state.

Authorities said the terminal will serve until the completion of a port expansion plan due in 2022. 

Projects related to the World Cup, estimated at dozens of billions of dollars, have not been affected by the boycott.

Qatar expects to host some 1.5 million visitors during world football's premier event.

LONDON — The pound hit a fresh five-month peak above $1.30 on Monday on renewed Brexit optimism after Prime Minister Boris Johnson requested another extension to Britain's scheduled departure from the European Union.

At about 08:30 GMT, the pound reached the highest level since May at $1.3012. 

It later stood at $1.2984, unchanged from late in New York on Friday.

The euro was stable at 85.99 pence.

"Markets [are] starting to price in a best case scenario in terms of the deal getting passed this week and then a short extension to pass any necessary legislation," CMC Markets analyst Michael Hewson told AFP.

"Whether that optimism turns out to be premature is another matter; only time will tell."

Johnson was on Monday attempting again to push his EU divorce deal through parliament and avoid the political damage of delaying Brexit beyond next week.

Brexit extension 'more likely'  

Lawmakers on Saturday mandated the prime minister to break his promise and send a letter to Brussels asking for more time.

"The main driver [for the pound] is hope of a Brexit extension being more likely, which could result in a better exit deal potentially to be negotiated than is currently on offer," said Accendo Markets trader Samuel Springett.

The pound had already struck five-month highs last week on optimism over Johnson's Brexit agreement with Brussels.

The option of extending the three-and-a-half year crisis past the October 31 Brexit deadline is now in the hands of the 27 remaining EU member states.

Since spiking above $1.30 in the morning London session, sterling has since slid back underneath.

Yet, the currency is attracting demand as traders buy on the dips, according to Maurice Pomery, who is head of trading firm Strategic Alpha.

"Markets are still trying to get to grips with what is going to happen with Brexit," he said.

"The pound topped out after taking out $1.30 today but UK bonds stalled at Thursday's lows," Pomery told AFP.

"Dealers seem to be watching bonds closely as we have seen decent moves down — with yields higher — across the board.”

"The market seems to believe a no-deal is now off the table so we may yet see further gains in the pound."

Elsewhere, Asian equity markets mostly rose but there was little major movement in reaction to China's top trade negotiator Liu He saying at the weekend that Beijing and Washington had made "substantial progress" towards wrapping up a partial trade deal announced earlier this month.

The deal offered China a temporary reprieve from tariffs planned for mid-October, while Beijing said it would hike purchases of US agricultural goods.

But it did not roll back any of the duties already imposed on hundreds of billions of dollars in exports to the US, nor address another round of levies due in December.

DUBAI — With solid strides made in the world of manufacturing, South Korea is working to reach more clients and to expand its markets, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

Therefore, Korea Brand & Entertainment Expo (KBEE) 2019 was held at Dubai World Trade Centre last week so that Korean businessmen would have the opportunity to meet with as many clients as possible.

Organised by Korea Investment Promotion Agency (KOTRA), KBEE attracted businessmen from several MENA countries, including Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, along with Jordan.

Representatives of Korean cosmetic, food and beverage, fashion, broadcast, medicine and education businesses, among other services, attended the event. They displayed their products and provided information to customers at B2B and B2C meetings.

“Dubai, from a long time, has been the region’s business hub. That’s why we host the occasion here,” Kwanseok Lee, regional president of KOTRA MENA, told The Jordan Times.

“This is the first time in MENA,” he noted, as KBEE, a government event that is part of the Korean Wave (Hallyu) which refers to the global popularity of South Korea’s cultural economy exporting pop culture, entertainment, music, TV dramas and movies.

“We will take part in Dubai Expo 2020,” Lee said. 

A buyer from Bahrain, Abdel Rahman Al Koheiji, said he is interested in animation and tele-medicine products, noting that he has more than one business. 

“Korean products are good. That is why I am here, but I wish the exhibition would have been bigger,” he conceded. 

Noting that KOTRA’s choice of Dubai as this year’s KBEE’s venue is wise, he said, “In Dubai, all people come from worldwide. Dubai is well-known and serves as a platform for world businesses.”

Another buyer, Ehab Al Malahmeh from Jordan, said, “We are interested in seeing the goods they have… They want to export while we want to import the best. So it is beneficial for both sides.”

While Mohamad Abou Chaer, a Lebanese visitor, representing a Saudi company, said he was looking for “meso foundation”. 

“There is a new kind. Instead of putting foundation on daily basis, you put it once a month,” he said. 

“Koreans are very innovative in this field,” he added.

Sameh Gad, an Egyptian buyer who has also come from Saudi Arabia indicated that there is a good interest in Korean brands.

“This is the first time it is entirely Korean products. We are looking to see what is available, to see new things and new additions in the market.”

Noting that business has been slow, in general, he expressed hope that things would get better. 

MoU

A memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between a Korean cosmetics company and a Jordanian medical Company during KBEE 2019, according to Ahmad Barqawi from KOTRA-Amman.

Under the MoU, signed between betunia and ELOU  Co. Limited, the two sides have agreed to cooperate for an initial $10,000 trial order over a year, Barqawi indicated. 

K- Beauty Brand Seminar 

KBEE 2019 hosted a Korean-Beauty Brand seminar, during which speakers asserted Korea’s compliance with safety regulations, saying that Korea has become a global beauty leader, and encouraging buyers to opt for Korean cosmetics products.

Speakers, including Junwoo, a Korean makeup artist, focused on the importance of skin care and cleansing, as a first and most important step in applying makeup, drawing the audience’s attention, mainly women, businessmen and media people, to the many different kinds of  cleansing, hydrating and brightening facial masks Korean manufacturers produce. 

“Make-up trend in Korea is the natural,” he told the audience.

Paul Lee, general manager of Innisfree, which is described as one of the most famous beauty brands in Korea, was one of main speakers at the seminar.

He asserted his company’s interest in Middle East markets, noting that it is currently exporting to many world countries.

Innisfree products are reasonable, he said.

Korea, located in northeast Asia, has an AA national credit rating, and it has become the world’s 12th largest economy and 6th largest exporter. 

Difficult times

Manufacturers recognise that the world of business has become very competitive, so taking part in such exhibitions to acquaint buyers with products, especially new ones, is of great importance, according to Seetha R who has an MBA in marketing.

“We have new platforms coming out everyday, but our role as a distributor… our role is diminishing. We have to restructure ourselves,” she said.

Many are trying to eliminate middlemen, she explained, adding that at her company, business people are looking for strategies.

“It is a difficult time, she said, adding that there has been a silent recession. But now it is coming out more loudly,” she said.

“It is always difficult to stay afloat. You have to have the best, for acquisition and sales,” she elaborated.

“Nobody would want to take risks. They are playing it more safe these days, because of the conditions… of the media industry, especially in the media industry,” she added. 

A Jordanian businessman, who preferred to remain anonymous, expressed concern about slow economic changes. He said many people in Jordan are working just to keep themselves busy, citing low salaries and the difficulties a person usually goes through to land a job.

K- Pop

On the sidelines of the trade event, a K-pop concert featuring groups, SF9 and Seventeen was held at the World Trade Centre in Dubai.

Long queues of young people lined up ahead of the concert to get tickets, and many fans showed up the following day at the signing ceremony. 

This is all part of the Korean wave, spreading Korean products and culture. They go in parallel, according to a KOTRA representative. Moreover, visitors had the chance to taste some kinds of Korean fruit, like Korean pears and dishes. 

NEW YORK — A Boeing pilot behind the 737 MAX certification in 2016 told a colleague a key flight handling system was "running rampant" during simulator tests, according to documents reviewed on Friday by AFP.

The Boeing employees quipped about problems during simulations of the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System, a flight-handling mechanism that is believed to be at the centre of two MAX crashes that killed 346 people.

Boeing's chief technical pilot of the 737, Mark Forkner, said the MCAS system's performance during the simulator tests was "egregious" and that "I basically lied to the regulators [unknowingly]," according to the instant messages.

Forkner's lawyer, David Gerger, told AFP on Saturday, "If you read the whole chat, it is obvious that there was no 'lie'. The simulator was not reading right and had to be fixed to fly like the real plane. Based on everything Mark knew, he thought the real plane was safe."

The messages — which Boeing knew about for months before sharing with the Federal Aviation Administration — raised fresh questions about the company's knowledge of problems with the MAX long before the crashes and about whether it has been transparent with regulators during investigations.

Shares tumbled on Friday as aviation experts said the revelations could further delay the plane's return to service. 

The crashes and the FAA's certification of the MAX are under investigation from a number of authorities, including the Department of Justice and congressional committees that have scheduled hearings with Boeing Chief Executive Dennis Muilenburg later this month.

In both the Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines crashes, the MCAS pointed the plane sharply downward based on a faulty sensor reading, hindering the pilots' ability to control the aircraft after takeoff, according to preliminary crash investigations.

The FAA, based on its interactions with Forkner and others at Boeing, believed during certification that the MCAS system would activate only in rare cases and did not pose a threat to plane safety. 

The FAA criticised Boeing for learning of the messages "some months ago", but not disclosing them to safety regulators until Thursday. 

"Last night, I reviewed a concerning document that Boeing provided late yesterday to the Department of Transportation," FAA Administrator Steve Dickson said in a letter to Muilenburg.

"I understand that Boeing discovered the document in its files months ago. I expect your explanation immediately regarding the content of this document and Boeing's delay in disclosing the document to its safety regulator."

Further delays? 

The FAA said it flagged its concerns to lawmakers on Capitol Hill and the Department of Transportation's inspector general.

A Boeing spokesman said Muilenburg called Dickson to respond to "the concerns raised in his letter" and to assure the agency that the company is "taking every step possible to safely return the MAX to service".

Boeing furnished the messages earlier in the year to "the appropriate investigating authority", the company's spokesman said.

"Boeing has also been voluntarily cooperating with the House Transportation & Infrastructure Committee's investigation into the 737 MAX. As part of that cooperation, today we brought that document to the Committee's attention as well. We will continue to cooperate with the Committee, and all other authorities, as they move forward with their investigations."

Maria Cantwell, the senior Democrat on the Senate Commerce Committee, said regulators "must receive full cooperation and all relevant documents so a full and thorough investigation can take place", adding that the reports about the messages and the lack of timely disclosure are "deeply troubling".

News of the messages comes as the FAA has taken the lead among international regulators in overseeing the recertification of the MAX in a process that has dragged on much longer than originally expected.

The messages add to the pressure on Muilenburg ahead of an October 30 congressional hearing. Boeing last week stripped Muilenburg of his title as chairman, a move that analysts said could be a precursor to his removal as chief executive.

In recent days, American Airlines, United Airlines and Southwest Airlines have pushed back their target dates for returning the MAX to service, with the three carriers pulling all flights for the aircraft through January or February 2020.

Michel Merluzeau at AirInsight Research said the latest disclosures could lead to further delays.

"Today's disclosure is potentially going to impact return to service again and likely to lead to prolonged uncertainty for the programme and lead to consequences at the enterprise level," Merluzeau said. "This is frankly sobering news."

Shares of Boeing tumbled 6.8 per cent to finish at $344.

WASHINGTON, DC — Policymakers across the world must resolve cross-border trade tensions, mitigate risks and support growth, International Monetary Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva said on Thursday as she warned that trade tensions are posing a mounting risk to the global economy and financial markets.

“The global economy has experienced a synchronised slowdown and growth remains weak. Escalating trade disputes, entrenched policy uncertainty, and adverse geopolitical developments have taken a toll on confidence investment and growth,” Georgieva said in her Global Policy Agenda released on Thursday in Washington.

Georgieva, the Bulgarian economist and former World Bank chief executive, said on Thursday the outlook remains precarious as trade conflicts, policy uncertainty and geopolitical threats undermine confidence, investment  and growth.

The International Monetary Fund highlighted trade tensions as a reason in reducing its 2019 global growth forecast announced this week to 3 per cent. The World Bank cut its 2019 forecast in June to 2.6 per cent and projected a slow rebound to 2.7 per cent in 2020 and to 2.8 per cent in 2021.

To enhance confidence, she called for coordination on international taxation, preserving the post-crisis reforms to global financial regulation and preserving excessive low-income country debt building.

She warned that trade disputes could spill over to monetary, exchange rate, or financial sector policies, threatening global financial stability and jeopardising hard-won economic gains.

“The focus must be on reversing tariff increases and finding lasting solutions to trade disputes, including by removing domestic distortions and strengthening the multilateral trading system,” she added.

According to projections announced by the fund this week, world trade volume growth will crater this year to 1.1 per cent from 3.6 per cent in 2018, though it also sees some recovery next year.

“There are significant risks," Georgieva said. “Growth could be derailed if trade disputes lead to further cross-border restrictions, including on technology, or incite broader monetary, exchange rate, or financial sector policy actions."

Georgieva stressed that domestic policies should focus on more resilient, adaptable and inclusive economies.

The global economic outlook is likely to worsen further unless policy makers resolve uncertainty about trade and Brexit, World Bank President David Malpass said.

“I think there are possibilities for improvement in the outlook into 2020,” Malpass told reporters in Washington on Wednesday. Those would include greater clarity on US-China trade and Brexit, and growth-boosting policy changes in certain countries, he said.

 “As we look at the data today, we will probably be looking at a further downgrade,” Malpass said.

That said, “there are always possibilities for good news” .