World Bank cuts global economic forecast for 2014

WASHINGTON — The World Bank downgraded its forecast for the global economy this year, citing a bitter American winter and the political crisis in Ukraine.

In an outlook released Tuesday, the bank still expects the world economy to grow faster — 2.8 per cent this year versus 2.4 per cent in 2013. But its new estimate is weaker than the 3.2 per cent expansion it had predicted in January.

The US economy — by far the world’s largest — shrank at an annual rate of 1 per cent from January to March, chilled by an unusually nasty winter. The political crisis in Ukraine dragged growth in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Together, those factors will “delay the recovery we talked about in January but not derail it”, World Bank economist Andrew Burns told reporters.

Helped by super-low interest rates, the world’s wealthiest countries will expand 1.9 per cent this year, up from 1.3 per cent in 2013. In developing countries, growth is expected to stay flat at 4.8 per cent.

In its twice-yearly Global Economics Prospects report, the World Bank estimates that the 18 European countries that use the euro currency will grow 1.1 per cent collectively this year after shrinking in 2012 and 2013. It sees the US economy recovering from the weak first quarter and growing 2.1 per cent this year, up from 1.9 per cent in 2013.

World growth is accelerating as the US and Europe regain strength. Overall, the global economy is expected to expand 3.4 per cent next year and 3.5 per cent in 2016.

The rate of economic growth has stalled in China and other developing countries that had bounced back quickly from the financial crisis of 2008-2009. China’s economy is expected to decelerate steadily, from 7.7 per cent growth last year to 7.6 per cent this year to 7.5 per cent in 2015 and 7.4 per cent in 2016.

In China, the slowdown is partly deliberate. Authorities are attempting to manage a transition from rapid growth based on exports and investment in real estate, factories and infrastructure to slower but more stable growth based on spending by Chinese consumers. But the Chinese slowdown has pinched other developing countries — from South Africa to Brazil — that provide the world’s second biggest economy with raw materials.

The good news: The US and Europe should pick up some of the slack as their economies improve and they demand more imports from developing countries. After growing less than 3 per cent each of the past two years, world trade will expand 4.1 per cent this year and 5.2 per cent in 2015, the bank predicts.

Central banks, including the US Federal Reserve, have been supporting economic growth by keeping interest rates low. Last week, the European Central Bank (ECB) announced additional rate cuts and took the historic step of imposing a negative interest rate — charging banks for deposits with the ECB in an effort to prod them to make more loans instead of hoarding money. Burns said the ECB’s moves to protect Europe’s fragile recovery were “appropriate” and “go in the right direction”.

But he and other economists worry about what will happen when the central banks declare their mission accomplished and let interest rates rise again. Higher rates in the US and Europe likely will lure investment away from developing countries. If the shift occurs too quickly, it could damage developing countries’ economies and cause chaos in their financial markets — a potential rerun of the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998. 

Other risks to the World Bank’s growth forecast include continued tension in Ukraine, political instability in Syria and Thailand, and the possibility that China’s economy slows faster than expected.