China, US tone down rhetoric but far from South China Sea solution

SINGAPORE — After a months-long row over Beijing's island-building in the South China Sea, the United States and China were relatively restrained at Asia's top security forum this weekend, but no closer to any solution.

US Defence Secretary Ash Carter told the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore that China was threatening security in the region with its maritime construction work, but acknowledged other claimant countries to the disputed sea were also at fault.

"There's no progress in the South China Sea [dispute], but the atmosphere has calmed a bit, thanks to reasonable consideration by all parties," said Major General Jin Yinan of China's National Defence University, a delegate at the conference. "The US has adjusted its stance a little."

Admiral Sun Jianguo, a deputy chief of staff of the People's Liberation Army who headed the Chinese delegation, refrained from singling out the United States for criticism in his address and emphasised China's commitment to peaceful relations.

"China has always kept in mind the larger interests of maritime security," Sun said, reiterating that his country's "indisputable" claims over the waters were based on legal and historical evidence.

Nevertheless, Washington is under huge pressure to respond forcefully to the Chinese land reclamation, with Republican Senator John McCain, one of the participants at the dialogue, suggesting that US ships and aircraft ignore the 12-nautical mile zone around the artificial islands.

"If we respected a 12-mile zone, then we would be making a mistake of enormous proportions because that would be de facto recognition of Chinese sovereignty," said McCain, the chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee.

If US vessels enter the zone, tensions would escalate sharply and there is no saying how Chinese forces based there would respond.

"If you look at the rhetoric, they are going to fight back," said Jia Qingguo, Dean of the School of International Studies at Peking University. "If you look at their interests, they may opt for rhetoric instead of action. But here the danger is of an accident-led conflict."

Admiral Harry Harris, newly appointed chief of the US Pacific Command, told reporters his forces would continue to operate in the region "without limitation and in accordance with international law”.

But he also said he wanted increased military-to-military ties with China, including the US-led Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) joint naval exercises in 2016.

McCain and other critics of the administration have said China should be barred from RIMPAC to show US disapproval of its actions.

Air defence zone prospects

China also signalled it was not considering declaring an Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ), which requires overflying aircraft to identify themselves, around the disputed islands anytime soon.

Such a move, which some US military experts have seen as increasingly likely, would be viewed as provocative by Washington.

Sun said a decision on an ADIZ would be taken after an assessment of the security situation and taking "extensive factors" into consideration.

Jin, the major general, told Reuters Beijing was not planning such a move, although he added: "It's not a permanent promise, it's just China is not considering it at the moment."

Other countries participating in the dialogue warned the row could spiral out of control and called for responsible action.

Washington wants more Asian countries, including those from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), to be more assertive against what it sees as Chinese expansionism.

But even Vietnam, which claims islands in the area where China is doing the reclamation work, said the major powers should have good relations with each other, otherwise smaller nations would suffer.

"No country in the region wants to choose between China and the United States," said Bonnie Glaser, a senior adviser at the Washington-based Centre for Strategic and International Studies.

"If the United States is too tough on China, then we run the risk of losing some of the members, especially ASEAN."