Obama’s Middle East retreat

American Middle East interventionists chide President Barack Obama for not doing more.

Why is the US running away from Yemen, why didn’t the US go into Syria and depose President Bashar Assad, why did Obama pull troops out of Iraq prematurely, why isn’t he putting “boots on the ground” in the fight against Daesh?

Why, in short, doesn’t the US use its military might to subdue the stormy parts of the Middle East? 

The first answer must be that he does not have to be George W. Bush’s surrogate.

It was Bush who triggered many of the upheavals with his invasion of Iraq — although former president Jimmy Carter bears the responsibility for arming the Taliban and thus the establishment of Al Qaeda in Afghanistan.

Why should Obama want to continue to try and mop up after Bush’s dirty work, especially as more intervention is likely to up the ante rather than calm the situation? 

That said, Obama made his own serious mistake of intervening to depose Muammar Qadhafi in Libya.

Although the UK and France led from the front, the US was backing them up in every way, with intelligence and close-in naval support.

While this failure is not responsible for the Middle East debacles, it has helped spread Al Qaeda and now Daesh through northwest Africa. 

Alan Kuperman writes in the current issue of Foreign Affairs: “As bad as Libya’s human rights situation was under Qadhafi, it has got worse since NATO ousted him. Immediately after taking power, the rebels perpetuated scores of reprisal killings, in addition to torture and beating. Human Rights Watch declared that the abuses ‘appear so widespread and systematic that they may amount to crimes against humanity’. Although the White House justified its mission in Libya on humanitarian grounds, the intervention magnified the death toll.”

With the information we now have, we know that Qadhafi’s own pre-invasion crackdown turns out to have been much less lethal than media reports indicated at the time.

Human Rights Watch documented only 233 deaths in the first days of the fighting, not 10,000 as Saudi Arabia claimed.

Qadhafi tried to discriminate between combatants and non-combatants. Only 3 per cent of the wounded were women and children.

Moreover, before the uprising, Qadhafi had released nearly all his political prisoners. By the time NATO bombers started their work, Libya’s violence was winding down. The rebels were retreating.

At that point, the rebels issued warnings of an impending bloodbath. The Western press fell for the propaganda and this helped move the US, UK and France to ask the US Security Council for authorisation to intervene to protect the civilian population. 

Russia and China did not veto the carefully worded resolution that authorised intervention but which did not give NATO carte blanche to do what it then decided to do: use massive force to overthrow the regime.

No wonder the Russians felt misled. It is part of the reason Russia is not being very helpful in bringing peace to Syria.

When the UN is abused by one of the big powers, it does not, like a rubber band, spring back into shape again.

The hypocrisy of the West regarding Crimea is something to behold when one considers this Western action in Libya and also the decision in 1999 to bomb Serbia on behalf of the independence-seeking Kosovo without any Security Council approval, contrary to the UN Charter.

Today, Qadhafi gone, the militias use force indiscriminately.

Libya and its neighbour Mali have been turned into terrorist havens, whereas Qadhafi had successfully suppressed them.

When the Tuaregs serving in Qadhafi’s security force returned home to Mali to fight their government, their struggle was hijacked by the so-called Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. It provided training camps and arms to Boko Haram in Nigeria.

The spillover from Libya has also spurred the deadly conflict in Burkina Faso and the growth of radical Islam in Niger.

France felt compelled in 2012 to intervene on the government’s side in Mali, and has ended up fighting the jihadists in the north, with no end in sight.

Weapons have leaked out of Libya to militant Islamists even further afield, to Somalia, Afghanistan, Gaza, Iraq and the rebels of Syria.

Overlooked in all this is the fact that in his later years, Qadhafi had been trying to mend his fences with the West.

He voluntarily halted his advanced nuclear and chemical weapons programmes and surrendered them to the US.

How does his overthrow look to other states, like North Korea or Iran, whom the West is trying to persuade to forego such weapons?

Obama, the UK and France made a catastrophic mistake in the name of “humanitarian intervention”.

No wonder that Obama has now become even more cautious about intervention in the Middle East than he was before — and so he should be.